Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of economic crops, causing upto 5% yield losses globally. In Kenya, vegetables are affected, among other pests, by parasitic nematodes, causing upto 80% loss in yield. Nematode control is very difficult and relies heavily on use of chemic...

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Autores principales:	P M Wachira, J N Muindi, S A Okoth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Society for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research 2015
Materias:	artabotrys biological control plant-parasitic nematodes Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7c6d780e9d543bfac6b4797ddb140fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7c6d780e9d543bfac6b4797ddb140fe2021-12-02T12:39:39ZSurvey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya0973-354X2582-4899https://doaj.org/article/e7c6d780e9d543bfac6b4797ddb140fe2015-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jhs.iihr.res.in/index.php/jhs/article/view/156https://doaj.org/toc/0973-354Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2582-4899Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of economic crops, causing upto 5% yield losses globally. In Kenya, vegetables are affected, among other pests, by parasitic nematodes, causing upto 80% loss in yield. Nematode control is very difficult and relies heavily on use of chemical nematicides. Use of these chemical nematicides leads to biological magnification, and elimination of natural enemies of other pathogens, thus creating a need for greater application of pesticides, increased production costs, and development of insecticide-resistance. These factors have led to a growing interest in search for alternate management strategies. The objective of this study was, therefore, to document nematode-destroying fungi in selected, major vegetable-growing areas in Kenya as a step towards developing a self-sustaining system for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Soil samples were collected from five vegetable-production zones, viz., Kinare, Kabete, Athi-river, Machakos and Kibwezi, and transported to the laboratory for extraction of nematode-destroying fungi. The soil-sprinkle technique described by Jaffee et al (1996) was used for isolating the nematode-destroying fungi from soil, while, their identification was done using identification keys described by Soto Barrientos et al (2001). From this study, a total of 171 fungal isolates were identified as nematodedestroying. The highest population was recorded in Kabete, at 33.9% of the total, followed by Machakos, Kibwezi, Athi-river, with the least in Kinare, at 24.6, 22.2, 11.7 and 7.6% of the total population, in that order. Arthrobotrys was the most frequent genus, with mean occurrence of 7.3, followed by Monacrosporium with 6 and Stylophage with 5.2. A. dactyloides was significantly (P=0.002) affected by the agro-ecological zone, with the highest occurrence recorded in Kabete, and the least in Athi-river. Kibwezi recorded highest diversity index, with a mean of 1.017, while, Athi-river recorded the least, with a mean of 0.333. Kibwezi had the highest species richness, recording a mean of 3.4, while, the least mean of 1.6 was recorded in Athi-river. Mean species richness of 2.2 was recorded for both Kabete and Machakos, and 1.8 for Kinare. From the three genera recorded, Arthrobotrys was more effective at trapping nematodes compared to Monocrosporium and Stylopage. The genus Arthrobotrys had the highest number of trapped nematodes, with a total population of 57, followed by Monacrosporium, the least being Stylopage, with 45 and 36, respectively, in a period of 104 hours. From the study, it is evident that agricultural practices affect occurrence and diversity of nematodedestroying fungi, and, Arthrobotrys can be used as a bio-control agent for managing plant-parasitic nematodes.P M WachiraJ N MuindiS A OkothSociety for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Researcharticleartabotrysbiological controlplant-parasitic nematodesPlant cultureSB1-1110ENJournal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 64-69 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	artabotrys biological control plant-parasitic nematodes Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	artabotrys biological control plant-parasitic nematodes Plant culture SB1-1110 P M Wachira J N Muindi S A Okoth Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
description	Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of economic crops, causing upto 5% yield losses globally. In Kenya, vegetables are affected, among other pests, by parasitic nematodes, causing upto 80% loss in yield. Nematode control is very difficult and relies heavily on use of chemical nematicides. Use of these chemical nematicides leads to biological magnification, and elimination of natural enemies of other pathogens, thus creating a need for greater application of pesticides, increased production costs, and development of insecticide-resistance. These factors have led to a growing interest in search for alternate management strategies. The objective of this study was, therefore, to document nematode-destroying fungi in selected, major vegetable-growing areas in Kenya as a step towards developing a self-sustaining system for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Soil samples were collected from five vegetable-production zones, viz., Kinare, Kabete, Athi-river, Machakos and Kibwezi, and transported to the laboratory for extraction of nematode-destroying fungi. The soil-sprinkle technique described by Jaffee et al (1996) was used for isolating the nematode-destroying fungi from soil, while, their identification was done using identification keys described by Soto Barrientos et al (2001). From this study, a total of 171 fungal isolates were identified as nematodedestroying. The highest population was recorded in Kabete, at 33.9% of the total, followed by Machakos, Kibwezi, Athi-river, with the least in Kinare, at 24.6, 22.2, 11.7 and 7.6% of the total population, in that order. Arthrobotrys was the most frequent genus, with mean occurrence of 7.3, followed by Monacrosporium with 6 and Stylophage with 5.2. A. dactyloides was significantly (P=0.002) affected by the agro-ecological zone, with the highest occurrence recorded in Kabete, and the least in Athi-river. Kibwezi recorded highest diversity index, with a mean of 1.017, while, Athi-river recorded the least, with a mean of 0.333. Kibwezi had the highest species richness, recording a mean of 3.4, while, the least mean of 1.6 was recorded in Athi-river. Mean species richness of 2.2 was recorded for both Kabete and Machakos, and 1.8 for Kinare. From the three genera recorded, Arthrobotrys was more effective at trapping nematodes compared to Monocrosporium and Stylopage. The genus Arthrobotrys had the highest number of trapped nematodes, with a total population of 57, followed by Monacrosporium, the least being Stylopage, with 45 and 36, respectively, in a period of 104 hours. From the study, it is evident that agricultural practices affect occurrence and diversity of nematodedestroying fungi, and, Arthrobotrys can be used as a bio-control agent for managing plant-parasitic nematodes.
format	article
author	P M Wachira J N Muindi S A Okoth
author_facet	P M Wachira J N Muindi S A Okoth
author_sort	P M Wachira
title	Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
title_short	Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
title_full	Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
title_fullStr	Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
title_full_unstemmed	Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya
title_sort	survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in kenya
publisher	Society for Promotion of Horticulture - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7c6d780e9d543bfac6b4797ddb140fe
work_keys_str_mv	AT pmwachira surveyofnematodedestroyingfungifromselectedvegetablegrowingareasinkenya AT jnmuindi surveyofnematodedestroyingfungifromselectedvegetablegrowingareasinkenya AT saokoth surveyofnematodedestroyingfungifromselectedvegetablegrowingareasinkenya
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Survey of Nematode-Destroying Fungi from Selected Vegetable-Growing Areas in Kenya

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