Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach

Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolutionary...

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Autores principales:	Agathe Ballu, Anne Deredec, Anne-Sophie Walker, Florence Carpentier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	experimental evolution fungicide resistance selection drivers generalism ecological specialization environmental variation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7dc3f7cc5184c5285284728c40b6677
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7dc3f7cc5184c5285284728c40b66772021-11-25T18:25:08ZAre Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach10.3390/microorganisms91123242076-2607https://doaj.org/article/e7dc3f7cc5184c5285284728c40b66772021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2324https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolutionary study on the fungal pathogen <i>Z. tritici</i> to determine how mixtures managed resistance. We compared the effect of the continuous use of single active ingredients to that of mixtures, at the minimal dose providing full control of the disease, which we refer to as the “efficient” dose. We found that the performance of efficient-dose mixtures against an initially susceptible population depended strongly on the components of the mixture. Such mixtures were either as durable as the best mixture component used alone, or worse than all components used alone. Moreover, efficient dose mixture regimes probably select for generalist resistance profiles as a result of the combination of selection pressures exerted by the various components and their lower doses. Our results indicate that mixtures should not be considered a universal strategy. Experimental evaluations of specificities for the pathogens targeted, their interactions with fungicides and the interactions between fungicides are crucial for the design of sustainable resistance management strategies.Agathe BalluAnne DeredecAnne-Sophie WalkerFlorence CarpentierMDPI AGarticleexperimental evolutionfungicide resistanceselection driversgeneralismecological specializationenvironmental variationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2324, p 2324 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	experimental evolution fungicide resistance selection drivers generalism ecological specialization environmental variation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	experimental evolution fungicide resistance selection drivers generalism ecological specialization environmental variation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Agathe Ballu Anne Deredec Anne-Sophie Walker Florence Carpentier Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
description	Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolutionary study on the fungal pathogen <i>Z. tritici</i> to determine how mixtures managed resistance. We compared the effect of the continuous use of single active ingredients to that of mixtures, at the minimal dose providing full control of the disease, which we refer to as the “efficient” dose. We found that the performance of efficient-dose mixtures against an initially susceptible population depended strongly on the components of the mixture. Such mixtures were either as durable as the best mixture component used alone, or worse than all components used alone. Moreover, efficient dose mixture regimes probably select for generalist resistance profiles as a result of the combination of selection pressures exerted by the various components and their lower doses. Our results indicate that mixtures should not be considered a universal strategy. Experimental evaluations of specificities for the pathogens targeted, their interactions with fungicides and the interactions between fungicides are crucial for the design of sustainable resistance management strategies.
format	article
author	Agathe Ballu Anne Deredec Anne-Sophie Walker Florence Carpentier
author_facet	Agathe Ballu Anne Deredec Anne-Sophie Walker Florence Carpentier
author_sort	Agathe Ballu
title	Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
title_short	Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
title_full	Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
title_fullStr	Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
title_full_unstemmed	Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach
title_sort	are efficient-dose mixtures a solution to reduce fungicide load and delay evolution of resistance? an experimental evolutionary approach
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7dc3f7cc5184c5285284728c40b6677
work_keys_str_mv	AT agatheballu areefficientdosemixturesasolutiontoreducefungicideloadanddelayevolutionofresistanceanexperimentalevolutionaryapproach AT annederedec areefficientdosemixturesasolutiontoreducefungicideloadanddelayevolutionofresistanceanexperimentalevolutionaryapproach AT annesophiewalker areefficientdosemixturesasolutiontoreducefungicideloadanddelayevolutionofresistanceanexperimentalevolutionaryapproach AT florencecarpentier areefficientdosemixturesasolutiontoreducefungicideloadanddelayevolutionofresistanceanexperimentalevolutionaryapproach
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Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach

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