Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees

The emerald ash borer (EAB, <i>Agrilus planipennis</i>) is a devastating invasive pest that has killed millions of ash trees in the United States and Canada. EAB was discovered in the US in 2002 and first reported in Minnesota in 2009. It attacks ash trees that are native to the United S...

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Autores principales:	Nickolas N. Rajtar, Benjamin W. Held, Robert A. Blanchette
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Agrilus</i> Ascomycota invasive species <i>Fraxinus</i> fungi Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7dd65afca2446f1b17b6fc2802c6f57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7dd65afca2446f1b17b6fc2802c6f572021-11-25T17:38:05ZFungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees10.3390/f121115091999-4907https://doaj.org/article/e7dd65afca2446f1b17b6fc2802c6f572021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1509https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907The emerald ash borer (EAB, <i>Agrilus planipennis</i>) is a devastating invasive pest that has killed millions of ash trees in the United States and Canada. EAB was discovered in the US in 2002 and first reported in Minnesota in 2009. It attacks ash trees that are native to the United States, including <i>Fraxinus americana</i> (white ash), <i>F. nigra</i> (black ash) and <i>F. pennsylvanica</i> (green ash). It also attacks <i>Chionanthus virginicus</i> (white fringe tree). Seven species of fungi isolated and identified only from EAB-infested trees in a previous study as having the potential to cause cankers were used to test their pathogenicity in <i>F. americana</i> (white ash). The fungi used were <i>Cytospora pruinosa</i>, <i>Diplodia mutila</i>, <i>Diplodia seriata</i>, <i>Paraconiothyrium brasiliense</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium scolyti</i>, and <i>Thyronectria aurigera</i>. Two field experiments that used <i>F. americana</i> used two inoculation methods: woodchip and agar plug inoculations. Results indicated that all of the fungi tested caused cankers in varying amounts, as compared to the controls. The largest cankers were caused by <i>D. mutila</i> (270 mm<sup>2</sup>), <i>C. pruinosa</i> (169 mm<sup>2</sup>), and <i>D. seriata</i> (69 mm<sup>2</sup>). All fungi except for <i>T. aurigera</i> were re-isolated and sequenced to confirm Kochs’ postulates. Canker-causing fungi found in association with EAB galleries have the potential to contribute to tree dieback and mortality.Nickolas N. RajtarBenjamin W. HeldRobert A. BlanchetteMDPI AGarticle<i>Agrilus</i>Ascomycotainvasive species<i>Fraxinus</i>fungiPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1509, p 1509 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Agrilus</i> Ascomycota invasive species <i>Fraxinus</i> fungi Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	<i>Agrilus</i> Ascomycota invasive species <i>Fraxinus</i> fungi Plant ecology QK900-989 Nickolas N. Rajtar Benjamin W. Held Robert A. Blanchette Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
description	The emerald ash borer (EAB, <i>Agrilus planipennis</i>) is a devastating invasive pest that has killed millions of ash trees in the United States and Canada. EAB was discovered in the US in 2002 and first reported in Minnesota in 2009. It attacks ash trees that are native to the United States, including <i>Fraxinus americana</i> (white ash), <i>F. nigra</i> (black ash) and <i>F. pennsylvanica</i> (green ash). It also attacks <i>Chionanthus virginicus</i> (white fringe tree). Seven species of fungi isolated and identified only from EAB-infested trees in a previous study as having the potential to cause cankers were used to test their pathogenicity in <i>F. americana</i> (white ash). The fungi used were <i>Cytospora pruinosa</i>, <i>Diplodia mutila</i>, <i>Diplodia seriata</i>, <i>Paraconiothyrium brasiliense</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium scolyti</i>, and <i>Thyronectria aurigera</i>. Two field experiments that used <i>F. americana</i> used two inoculation methods: woodchip and agar plug inoculations. Results indicated that all of the fungi tested caused cankers in varying amounts, as compared to the controls. The largest cankers were caused by <i>D. mutila</i> (270 mm<sup>2</sup>), <i>C. pruinosa</i> (169 mm<sup>2</sup>), and <i>D. seriata</i> (69 mm<sup>2</sup>). All fungi except for <i>T. aurigera</i> were re-isolated and sequenced to confirm Kochs’ postulates. Canker-causing fungi found in association with EAB galleries have the potential to contribute to tree dieback and mortality.
format	article
author	Nickolas N. Rajtar Benjamin W. Held Robert A. Blanchette
author_facet	Nickolas N. Rajtar Benjamin W. Held Robert A. Blanchette
author_sort	Nickolas N. Rajtar
title	Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
title_short	Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
title_full	Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
title_fullStr	Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
title_full_unstemmed	Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees
title_sort	fungi from galleries of the emerald ash borer produce cankers in ash trees
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7dd65afca2446f1b17b6fc2802c6f57
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Fungi from Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer Produce Cankers in Ash Trees

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