The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder
Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was obtained from a galvanic nickel bath with ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder. Production was conducted under galvanostatic conditions. The Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was characterized by the presence of ZrO<sub>2</...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:e807a75b9c894702bcdf79fef2062d962021-11-11T18:08:11ZThe Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder10.3390/ma142165971996-1944https://doaj.org/article/e807a75b9c894702bcdf79fef2062d962021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6597https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was obtained from a galvanic nickel bath with ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder. Production was conducted under galvanostatic conditions. The Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was characterized by the presence of ZrO<sub>2</sub> particles covered with electrolytical nanocrystalline Ni–P coating. The chemical composition (XRF method), phase structure (XRD method) and morphology (SEM) of Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> and the distribution of elements in the powder were all investigated. Based on the analyses, it was found that the obtained powder contained about 50 weight % Zr and 40 weight % Ni. Phase structure analysis showed that the basic crystalline component of the tested powder is a mixed oxide of zirconium and yttrium Zr<sub>0.92</sub>Y<sub>0.08</sub>O<sub>1.96</sub>. In addition, the sample contains very large amounts of amorphous compounds (Ni–P). The mechanism to produce the composite powder particles is explained on the basis of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions adsorption process on the metal oxide particles. Current flow through the cell forces the movement of particles in the bath. Oxide grains with adsorbed nickel ions were transported to the cathode surface. Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions were discharged. The oxide particles were covered with a Ni–P layer and the heavy composite grains of Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> flowed down to the bottom of the cell.Jolanta NiedbałaMagdalena PopczykGrzegorz BenkeHubert OkłaJadwiga GaborRoman WrzalikArkadiusz StanulaAndrzej S. SwinarewMDPI AGarticleNi–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> powdercomposite powderchemical compositionsurface morphologyenergy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS)X-ray diffraction (XRD)TechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6597, p 6597 (2021) |
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| topic |
Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder composite powder chemical composition surface morphology energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 |
| spellingShingle |
Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder composite powder chemical composition surface morphology energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Jolanta Niedbała Magdalena Popczyk Grzegorz Benke Hubert Okła Jadwiga Gabor Roman Wrzalik Arkadiusz Stanula Andrzej S. Swinarew The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| description |
Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was obtained from a galvanic nickel bath with ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder. Production was conducted under galvanostatic conditions. The Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powder was characterized by the presence of ZrO<sub>2</sub> particles covered with electrolytical nanocrystalline Ni–P coating. The chemical composition (XRF method), phase structure (XRD method) and morphology (SEM) of Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> and the distribution of elements in the powder were all investigated. Based on the analyses, it was found that the obtained powder contained about 50 weight % Zr and 40 weight % Ni. Phase structure analysis showed that the basic crystalline component of the tested powder is a mixed oxide of zirconium and yttrium Zr<sub>0.92</sub>Y<sub>0.08</sub>O<sub>1.96</sub>. In addition, the sample contains very large amounts of amorphous compounds (Ni–P). The mechanism to produce the composite powder particles is explained on the basis of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions adsorption process on the metal oxide particles. Current flow through the cell forces the movement of particles in the bath. Oxide grains with adsorbed nickel ions were transported to the cathode surface. Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions were discharged. The oxide particles were covered with a Ni–P layer and the heavy composite grains of Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> flowed down to the bottom of the cell. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Jolanta Niedbała Magdalena Popczyk Grzegorz Benke Hubert Okła Jadwiga Gabor Roman Wrzalik Arkadiusz Stanula Andrzej S. Swinarew |
| author_facet |
Jolanta Niedbała Magdalena Popczyk Grzegorz Benke Hubert Okła Jadwiga Gabor Roman Wrzalik Arkadiusz Stanula Andrzej S. Swinarew |
| author_sort |
Jolanta Niedbała |
| title |
The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| title_short |
The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| title_full |
The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| title_fullStr |
The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Use of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Waste for the Electrolytic Production of Composite Ni–P–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Powder |
| title_sort |
use of zro<sub>2</sub> waste for the electrolytic production of composite ni–p–zro<sub>2</sub> powder |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/e807a75b9c894702bcdf79fef2062d96 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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