Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation

The development of a heterogeneous catalyst for use in environmental remediation remains a challenging and attractive research endeavor. Specifically, for Fenton reactions, most research approaches have focused on the preparation of iron-containing heterostructures as photo-Fenton catalysts that uti...

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Autores principales:	Shan-Yuan Hsiao, En-Xuan Lin, Pei-Yuin Keng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	photo-Fenton reaction iron borate dye degradation tetracycline Rhodamine B azo dyes Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e82e751fb469462fb02f0115b90012d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e82e751fb469462fb02f0115b90012d82021-11-25T18:30:22ZFacile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation10.3390/nano111128532079-4991https://doaj.org/article/e82e751fb469462fb02f0115b90012d82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2853https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991The development of a heterogeneous catalyst for use in environmental remediation remains a challenging and attractive research endeavor. Specifically, for Fenton reactions, most research approaches have focused on the preparation of iron-containing heterostructures as photo-Fenton catalysts that utilize visible light for enhancing the degradation efficiency. Herein, the synthesis and novel application of C,N-doped iron borates are demonstrated as single-component heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts with high Fenton activity under visible light. Under the optimal conditions, 10 mg of the catalyst is shown to achieve effective degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) dye, Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and tetracycline (TC) under simulated solar irradiation with a first-order rate constant of k = 0.218 min<sup>−1</sup>, 0.177 min<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.116 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Using MB as a model system, the C,N-doped iron borate exhibits 10- and 26-fold increases in catalytic activity relative to that of the 50 nm hematite nanoparticles and that of the non-doped iron borate, respectively, in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under the simulated solar irradiation. Furthermore, the optimum reaction conditions used only 320 equivalents of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with respect to the concentration of dye, rather than the several thousand equivalents of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> used in conventional heterogeneous Fenton catalysts. In addition, the as-prepared C,N-doped iron borate achieves 75% MB degradation after 20 min in the dark, thus enabling the continuous degradation of pollutants at night and in areas with poor light exposure. The stability and recyclability of C,N-doped iron borate for the oxidation of MB was demonstrated over three cycles with insignificant loss in photo-Fenton activity. The high Fenton activity of the C,N-doped iron borate is considered to be due to the synergistic action between the negatively-charged borate ligands and the metal center in promoting the Fenton reaction. Moreover, carbon and nitrogen doping are shown to be critical in modifying the electronic structure and increasing the conductivity of the catalyst. In view of its synthetic simplicity, high efficiency, low cost of reagents, and minimal cost of operation (driven by natural sunlight), the as-prepared heterogeneous single-component metal borate catalyst has potential application in the industrial treatment of wastewater.Shan-Yuan HsiaoEn-Xuan LinPei-Yuin KengMDPI AGarticlephoto-Fenton reactioniron boratedye degradationtetracyclineRhodamine Bazo dyesChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2853, p 2853 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	photo-Fenton reaction iron borate dye degradation tetracycline Rhodamine B azo dyes Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	photo-Fenton reaction iron borate dye degradation tetracycline Rhodamine B azo dyes Chemistry QD1-999 Shan-Yuan Hsiao En-Xuan Lin Pei-Yuin Keng Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
description	The development of a heterogeneous catalyst for use in environmental remediation remains a challenging and attractive research endeavor. Specifically, for Fenton reactions, most research approaches have focused on the preparation of iron-containing heterostructures as photo-Fenton catalysts that utilize visible light for enhancing the degradation efficiency. Herein, the synthesis and novel application of C,N-doped iron borates are demonstrated as single-component heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts with high Fenton activity under visible light. Under the optimal conditions, 10 mg of the catalyst is shown to achieve effective degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) dye, Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and tetracycline (TC) under simulated solar irradiation with a first-order rate constant of k = 0.218 min<sup>−1</sup>, 0.177 min<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.116 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Using MB as a model system, the C,N-doped iron borate exhibits 10- and 26-fold increases in catalytic activity relative to that of the 50 nm hematite nanoparticles and that of the non-doped iron borate, respectively, in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under the simulated solar irradiation. Furthermore, the optimum reaction conditions used only 320 equivalents of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with respect to the concentration of dye, rather than the several thousand equivalents of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> used in conventional heterogeneous Fenton catalysts. In addition, the as-prepared C,N-doped iron borate achieves 75% MB degradation after 20 min in the dark, thus enabling the continuous degradation of pollutants at night and in areas with poor light exposure. The stability and recyclability of C,N-doped iron borate for the oxidation of MB was demonstrated over three cycles with insignificant loss in photo-Fenton activity. The high Fenton activity of the C,N-doped iron borate is considered to be due to the synergistic action between the negatively-charged borate ligands and the metal center in promoting the Fenton reaction. Moreover, carbon and nitrogen doping are shown to be critical in modifying the electronic structure and increasing the conductivity of the catalyst. In view of its synthetic simplicity, high efficiency, low cost of reagents, and minimal cost of operation (driven by natural sunlight), the as-prepared heterogeneous single-component metal borate catalyst has potential application in the industrial treatment of wastewater.
format	article
author	Shan-Yuan Hsiao En-Xuan Lin Pei-Yuin Keng
author_facet	Shan-Yuan Hsiao En-Xuan Lin Pei-Yuin Keng
author_sort	Shan-Yuan Hsiao
title	Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
title_short	Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
title_full	Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
title_fullStr	Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
title_full_unstemmed	Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation
title_sort	facile synthesis of carbon- and nitrogen-doped iron borate as a highly efficient single-component heterogeneous photo-fenton catalyst under simulated solar irradiation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e82e751fb469462fb02f0115b90012d8
work_keys_str_mv	AT shanyuanhsiao facilesynthesisofcarbonandnitrogendopedironborateasahighlyefficientsinglecomponentheterogeneousphotofentoncatalystundersimulatedsolarirradiation AT enxuanlin facilesynthesisofcarbonandnitrogendopedironborateasahighlyefficientsinglecomponentheterogeneousphotofentoncatalystundersimulatedsolarirradiation AT peiyuinkeng facilesynthesisofcarbonandnitrogendopedironborateasahighlyefficientsinglecomponentheterogeneousphotofentoncatalystundersimulatedsolarirradiation
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Facile Synthesis of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Doped Iron Borate as a Highly Efficient Single-Component Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst under Simulated Solar Irradiation

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