Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization

ABSTRACT Soil types heavily influence ecological dynamics. It remains controversial to what extent soil types shape microbial responses to land management changes, largely due to lack of in-depth comparison across various soil types. Here, we collected samples from three major zonal soil types spann...

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Autores principales:	Mengxin Zhao, Bo Sun, Linwei Wu, Qun Gao, Feng Wang, Chongqing Wen, Mengmeng Wang, Yuting Liang, Lauren Hale, Jizhong Zhou, Yunfeng Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	zonal soil type microbial community fertilization soil functional process GeoChip Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e8490489f6e84677b011af0c1a821351
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e8490489f6e84677b011af0c1a8213512021-12-02T19:48:49ZZonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization10.1128/mSystems.00075-162379-5077https://doaj.org/article/e8490489f6e84677b011af0c1a8213512016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00075-16https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Soil types heavily influence ecological dynamics. It remains controversial to what extent soil types shape microbial responses to land management changes, largely due to lack of in-depth comparison across various soil types. Here, we collected samples from three major zonal soil types spanning from cold temperate to subtropical climate zones. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures, as well as microbial functional genes. Different soil types had distinct microbial biomass levels and community compositions. Five years of maize cropping (growing corn or maize) changed the bacterial community composition of the Ultisol soil type and the fungal composition of the Mollisol soil type but had little effect on the microbial composition of the Inceptisol soil type. Meanwhile, 5 years of fertilization resulted in soil acidification. Microbial compositions of the Mollisol and Ultisol, but not the Inceptisol, were changed and correlated (P < 0.05) with soil pH. These results demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land management changes. We also found that soil nitrification potentials correlated with the total abundance of nitrifiers and that soil heterotrophic respiration correlated with the total abundance of carbon degradation genes, suggesting that changes in microbial community structure had altered ecosystem processes. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are essential drivers of soil functional processes such as nitrification and heterotrophic respiration. Although there is initial evidence revealing the importance of soil type in shaping microbial communities, there has been no in-depth, comprehensive survey to robustly establish it as a major determinant of microbial community composition, functional gene structure, or ecosystem functioning. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures using Illumina sequencing, microbial functional genes using GeoChip, microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, as well as functional processes of soil nitrification potential and CO2 efflux. We demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land use changes at the continental level. Our findings underscore the inherent difficulty in generalizing ecosystem responses across landscapes and suggest that assessments of community feedback must take soil types into consideration. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.Mengxin ZhaoBo SunLinwei WuQun GaoFeng WangChongqing WenMengmeng WangYuting LiangLauren HaleJizhong ZhouYunfeng YangAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlezonal soil typemicrobial communityfertilizationsoil functional processGeoChipMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 1, Iss 4 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	zonal soil type microbial community fertilization soil functional process GeoChip Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	zonal soil type microbial community fertilization soil functional process GeoChip Microbiology QR1-502 Mengxin Zhao Bo Sun Linwei Wu Qun Gao Feng Wang Chongqing Wen Mengmeng Wang Yuting Liang Lauren Hale Jizhong Zhou Yunfeng Yang Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
description	ABSTRACT Soil types heavily influence ecological dynamics. It remains controversial to what extent soil types shape microbial responses to land management changes, largely due to lack of in-depth comparison across various soil types. Here, we collected samples from three major zonal soil types spanning from cold temperate to subtropical climate zones. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures, as well as microbial functional genes. Different soil types had distinct microbial biomass levels and community compositions. Five years of maize cropping (growing corn or maize) changed the bacterial community composition of the Ultisol soil type and the fungal composition of the Mollisol soil type but had little effect on the microbial composition of the Inceptisol soil type. Meanwhile, 5 years of fertilization resulted in soil acidification. Microbial compositions of the Mollisol and Ultisol, but not the Inceptisol, were changed and correlated (P < 0.05) with soil pH. These results demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land management changes. We also found that soil nitrification potentials correlated with the total abundance of nitrifiers and that soil heterotrophic respiration correlated with the total abundance of carbon degradation genes, suggesting that changes in microbial community structure had altered ecosystem processes. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are essential drivers of soil functional processes such as nitrification and heterotrophic respiration. Although there is initial evidence revealing the importance of soil type in shaping microbial communities, there has been no in-depth, comprehensive survey to robustly establish it as a major determinant of microbial community composition, functional gene structure, or ecosystem functioning. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures using Illumina sequencing, microbial functional genes using GeoChip, microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, as well as functional processes of soil nitrification potential and CO2 efflux. We demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land use changes at the continental level. Our findings underscore the inherent difficulty in generalizing ecosystem responses across landscapes and suggest that assessments of community feedback must take soil types into consideration. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
format	article
author	Mengxin Zhao Bo Sun Linwei Wu Qun Gao Feng Wang Chongqing Wen Mengmeng Wang Yuting Liang Lauren Hale Jizhong Zhou Yunfeng Yang
author_facet	Mengxin Zhao Bo Sun Linwei Wu Qun Gao Feng Wang Chongqing Wen Mengmeng Wang Yuting Liang Lauren Hale Jizhong Zhou Yunfeng Yang
author_sort	Mengxin Zhao
title	Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
title_short	Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
title_full	Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
title_fullStr	Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
title_full_unstemmed	Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization
title_sort	zonal soil type determines soil microbial responses to maize cropping and fertilization
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/e8490489f6e84677b011af0c1a821351
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Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization

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