Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring

The definition of stress comes from the physical sciences and refers to the ability of a force applied to a material to induce a deformation (strain). Unlike materials, living organisms and biological systems react to stress with responses to prevent or repair the damage. Plants exposed to stressful...

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Autores principales:	Filippo Bussotti, Martina Pollastrini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Acclimatization Adaptation Chlorophyll fluorescence Fitness Non-structural carbohydrates Optimal and sub-optimal conditions Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e85a0fca6b8e4522a3a6d228a4aab3a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e85a0fca6b8e4522a3a6d228a4aab3a72021-12-04T04:36:31ZRevisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring2667-064X10.1016/j.stress.2021.100013https://doaj.org/article/e85a0fca6b8e4522a3a6d228a4aab3a72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X21000129https://doaj.org/toc/2667-064XThe definition of stress comes from the physical sciences and refers to the ability of a force applied to a material to induce a deformation (strain). Unlike materials, living organisms and biological systems react to stress with responses to prevent or repair the damage. Plants exposed to stressful conditions move from an optimal (non-stressed) to sub-optimal state, until they reach a new equilibrium with the changed environmental conditions, through physiological, biochemical, and genetic pathways to cope with the new environmental conditions. Multiple fluctuating environmental pressures often act simultaneously, then the effects of individual stresses cannot be isolated. In natural ecosystems, plants, and plant communities, naturally adapted to harsh environments, are in equilibrium with their environment. This equilibrium can be considered as “optimal” albeit in relative terms (i.e., for a specific genotype at a specific site). The mechanisms of acclimatization and adaptation are important especially in trees, which are sessile long-living organisms, unable to escape from the worsening of the environmental conditions. Rapid climate change, with severe drought and heat waves, can have different effects in relation to their level of equilibrium before the impact (starting point). The new equilibrium can be defined in terms of fitness (capacity of individuals to grow and reproduce) and resilience (capacity to cope to stress and restore the condition prior to the disturbing factor). Field studies suggest that the photosynthetic efficiency can be preserved or restored in short time after the stress event, but resilience (measured in terms of dynamic of non-structural carbohydrates at tree level) may be more severely affected. The conservation and management activities of natural resources require monitoring the stress conditions of vegetation and predicting the possible changes in species composition and structure of communities and ecosystems. This is desirable to maintain and optimise the ecosystem services in a new environmental and future climate scenario.Filippo BussottiMartina PollastriniElsevierarticleAcclimatizationAdaptationChlorophyll fluorescenceFitnessNon-structural carbohydratesOptimal and sub-optimal conditionsPlant ecologyQK900-989ENPlant Stress, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100013- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Acclimatization Adaptation Chlorophyll fluorescence Fitness Non-structural carbohydrates Optimal and sub-optimal conditions Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	Acclimatization Adaptation Chlorophyll fluorescence Fitness Non-structural carbohydrates Optimal and sub-optimal conditions Plant ecology QK900-989 Filippo Bussotti Martina Pollastrini Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
description	The definition of stress comes from the physical sciences and refers to the ability of a force applied to a material to induce a deformation (strain). Unlike materials, living organisms and biological systems react to stress with responses to prevent or repair the damage. Plants exposed to stressful conditions move from an optimal (non-stressed) to sub-optimal state, until they reach a new equilibrium with the changed environmental conditions, through physiological, biochemical, and genetic pathways to cope with the new environmental conditions. Multiple fluctuating environmental pressures often act simultaneously, then the effects of individual stresses cannot be isolated. In natural ecosystems, plants, and plant communities, naturally adapted to harsh environments, are in equilibrium with their environment. This equilibrium can be considered as “optimal” albeit in relative terms (i.e., for a specific genotype at a specific site). The mechanisms of acclimatization and adaptation are important especially in trees, which are sessile long-living organisms, unable to escape from the worsening of the environmental conditions. Rapid climate change, with severe drought and heat waves, can have different effects in relation to their level of equilibrium before the impact (starting point). The new equilibrium can be defined in terms of fitness (capacity of individuals to grow and reproduce) and resilience (capacity to cope to stress and restore the condition prior to the disturbing factor). Field studies suggest that the photosynthetic efficiency can be preserved or restored in short time after the stress event, but resilience (measured in terms of dynamic of non-structural carbohydrates at tree level) may be more severely affected. The conservation and management activities of natural resources require monitoring the stress conditions of vegetation and predicting the possible changes in species composition and structure of communities and ecosystems. This is desirable to maintain and optimise the ecosystem services in a new environmental and future climate scenario.
format	article
author	Filippo Bussotti Martina Pollastrini
author_facet	Filippo Bussotti Martina Pollastrini
author_sort	Filippo Bussotti
title	Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
title_short	Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
title_full	Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
title_fullStr	Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
title_full_unstemmed	Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
title_sort	revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e85a0fca6b8e4522a3a6d228a4aab3a7
work_keys_str_mv	AT filippobussotti revisitingtheconceptofstressinforesttreesatthetimeofglobalchangeandissuesforstressmonitoring AT martinapollastrini revisitingtheconceptofstressinforesttreesatthetimeofglobalchangeandissuesforstressmonitoring
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Revisiting the concept of stress in forest trees at the time of global change and issues for stress monitoring

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