Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

<h4>Background</h4>As well as being highly comorbid conditions, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) share a number of clinically-relevant phenomena. This raises questions about similarities and overlap in diagnosis and aetiological pathways that may exist for...

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Autores principales:	Amanda T Langridge, Emma J Glasson, Natasha Nassar, Peter Jacoby, Craig Pennell, Ronald Hagan, Jenny Bourke, Helen Leonard, Fiona J Stanley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e865aad35ee14578a236d44cb671e6e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e865aad35ee14578a236d44cb671e6e82021-11-18T08:02:35ZMaternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0050963https://doaj.org/article/e865aad35ee14578a236d44cb671e6e82013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23308096/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>As well as being highly comorbid conditions, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) share a number of clinically-relevant phenomena. This raises questions about similarities and overlap in diagnosis and aetiological pathways that may exist for both conditions.<h4>Aims</h4>To examine maternal conditions and perinatal factors for children diagnosed with an ASD, with or without ID, and children with ID of unknown cause, compared with unaffected children.<h4>Methods</h4>The study population comprised all live singleton births in Western Australia (WA) between January 1984 and December 1999 (N = 383,153). Univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were applied using a blocked modelling approach to assess the effect of maternal conditions, sociodemographic factors, labour and delivery characteristics and neonatal outcomes.<h4>Results</h4>In univariate analyses mild-moderate ID was associated with pregnancy hypertension, asthma, urinary tract infection, some types of ante-partum haemorrhage, any type of preterm birth, elective C-sections, breech presentation, poor fetal growth and need for resuscitation at birth, with all factors showing an increased risk. Severe ID was positively associated with poor fetal growth and need for resuscitation, as well as any labour or delivery complication. In the multivariate analysis no maternal conditions or perinatal factors were associated with an increased risk of ASD without ID. However, pregnancy hypertension and small head circumference were associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94; OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.96, respectively). For ASD with ID, threatened abortion before 20 weeks gestation and poor fetal growth were associated with an increased risk.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Findings show that indicators of a poor intrauterine environment are associated with an elevated risk of ID, while for ASD, and particularly ASD without ID, the associations are much weaker. As such, these findings highlight the importance of accounting for the absence or presence of ID when examining ASD, if we are to improve our understanding of the causal pathways associated with these conditions.Amanda T LangridgeEmma J GlassonNatasha NassarPeter JacobyCraig PennellRonald HaganJenny BourkeHelen LeonardFiona J StanleyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e50963 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Amanda T Langridge Emma J Glasson Natasha Nassar Peter Jacoby Craig Pennell Ronald Hagan Jenny Bourke Helen Leonard Fiona J Stanley Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
description	<h4>Background</h4>As well as being highly comorbid conditions, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) share a number of clinically-relevant phenomena. This raises questions about similarities and overlap in diagnosis and aetiological pathways that may exist for both conditions.<h4>Aims</h4>To examine maternal conditions and perinatal factors for children diagnosed with an ASD, with or without ID, and children with ID of unknown cause, compared with unaffected children.<h4>Methods</h4>The study population comprised all live singleton births in Western Australia (WA) between January 1984 and December 1999 (N = 383,153). Univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were applied using a blocked modelling approach to assess the effect of maternal conditions, sociodemographic factors, labour and delivery characteristics and neonatal outcomes.<h4>Results</h4>In univariate analyses mild-moderate ID was associated with pregnancy hypertension, asthma, urinary tract infection, some types of ante-partum haemorrhage, any type of preterm birth, elective C-sections, breech presentation, poor fetal growth and need for resuscitation at birth, with all factors showing an increased risk. Severe ID was positively associated with poor fetal growth and need for resuscitation, as well as any labour or delivery complication. In the multivariate analysis no maternal conditions or perinatal factors were associated with an increased risk of ASD without ID. However, pregnancy hypertension and small head circumference were associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94; OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.96, respectively). For ASD with ID, threatened abortion before 20 weeks gestation and poor fetal growth were associated with an increased risk.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Findings show that indicators of a poor intrauterine environment are associated with an elevated risk of ID, while for ASD, and particularly ASD without ID, the associations are much weaker. As such, these findings highlight the importance of accounting for the absence or presence of ID when examining ASD, if we are to improve our understanding of the causal pathways associated with these conditions.
format	article
author	Amanda T Langridge Emma J Glasson Natasha Nassar Peter Jacoby Craig Pennell Ronald Hagan Jenny Bourke Helen Leonard Fiona J Stanley
author_facet	Amanda T Langridge Emma J Glasson Natasha Nassar Peter Jacoby Craig Pennell Ronald Hagan Jenny Bourke Helen Leonard Fiona J Stanley
author_sort	Amanda T Langridge
title	Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
title_short	Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
title_full	Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
title_fullStr	Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
title_full_unstemmed	Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
title_sort	maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e865aad35ee14578a236d44cb671e6e8
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Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

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