Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma

Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, and it is difficult to achieve complete remission with systemic chemotherapy. In advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma, platinum-based chemotherapy is chosen as the first-line setting; however, it remains unclear which regimen is better to improve its outcome. I...

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Autores principales:	Kyoichi Kaira, Hisao Imai, Ou Yamaguchi, Atsuto Mouri, Hiroshi Kagamu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	thymic carcinoma salvage chemotherapy molecular targeting agent platinum refractory Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e86fe81e069a415a9bad607ca2328647
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e86fe81e069a415a9bad607ca23286472021-11-11T15:31:51ZSalvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma10.3390/cancers132154412072-6694https://doaj.org/article/e86fe81e069a415a9bad607ca23286472021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5441https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, and it is difficult to achieve complete remission with systemic chemotherapy. In advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma, platinum-based chemotherapy is chosen as the first-line setting; however, it remains unclear which regimen is better to improve its outcome. It remains unknown whether salvage chemotherapy should be administered to patients with platinum-based chemotherapy-refractory thymic carcinoma. Currently, several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of second-line settings for advanced thymic carcinoma. As cytotoxic agents, S-1, amrubicin, pemetrexed, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine have been reported as prospective phase II studies or retrospective studies. The overall response rates (ORRs) of S-1, amrubicin, and pemetrexed were 25–50%, 11–44.4%, and 9–10%, respectively. Molecular targeting drugs, such as sunitinib, everolimus, and lenvatinib, also provide clinical effectiveness with tolerability after the failure of platinum-based regimens. Based on the results of the prospective phase II study, the ORR, median progression-free survival, and median overall survival were 16.6% and 5.6 months, respectively, in everolimus, 26% and 7.2 months, respectively, in sunitinib, and 38% and 9.3 months, respectively, in lenvatinib. Although it is difficult to compare each study, lenvatinib appears to be better in increasing efficacy as a second-line setting. However, each study had a small sample size, which may have biased the results of their studies. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic significance of salvage chemotherapy in advanced thymic carcinoma in a large-scale study.Kyoichi KairaHisao ImaiOu YamaguchiAtsuto MouriHiroshi KagamuMDPI AGarticlethymic carcinomasalvage chemotherapymolecular targeting agentplatinumrefractoryNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5441, p 5441 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	thymic carcinoma salvage chemotherapy molecular targeting agent platinum refractory Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	thymic carcinoma salvage chemotherapy molecular targeting agent platinum refractory Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Kyoichi Kaira Hisao Imai Ou Yamaguchi Atsuto Mouri Hiroshi Kagamu Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
description	Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, and it is difficult to achieve complete remission with systemic chemotherapy. In advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma, platinum-based chemotherapy is chosen as the first-line setting; however, it remains unclear which regimen is better to improve its outcome. It remains unknown whether salvage chemotherapy should be administered to patients with platinum-based chemotherapy-refractory thymic carcinoma. Currently, several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of second-line settings for advanced thymic carcinoma. As cytotoxic agents, S-1, amrubicin, pemetrexed, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine have been reported as prospective phase II studies or retrospective studies. The overall response rates (ORRs) of S-1, amrubicin, and pemetrexed were 25–50%, 11–44.4%, and 9–10%, respectively. Molecular targeting drugs, such as sunitinib, everolimus, and lenvatinib, also provide clinical effectiveness with tolerability after the failure of platinum-based regimens. Based on the results of the prospective phase II study, the ORR, median progression-free survival, and median overall survival were 16.6% and 5.6 months, respectively, in everolimus, 26% and 7.2 months, respectively, in sunitinib, and 38% and 9.3 months, respectively, in lenvatinib. Although it is difficult to compare each study, lenvatinib appears to be better in increasing efficacy as a second-line setting. However, each study had a small sample size, which may have biased the results of their studies. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic significance of salvage chemotherapy in advanced thymic carcinoma in a large-scale study.
format	article
author	Kyoichi Kaira Hisao Imai Ou Yamaguchi Atsuto Mouri Hiroshi Kagamu
author_facet	Kyoichi Kaira Hisao Imai Ou Yamaguchi Atsuto Mouri Hiroshi Kagamu
author_sort	Kyoichi Kaira
title	Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
title_short	Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
title_full	Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
title_fullStr	Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed	Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma
title_sort	salvage chemotherapy in patients with previously treated thymic carcinoma
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e86fe81e069a415a9bad607ca2328647
work_keys_str_mv	AT kyoichikaira salvagechemotherapyinpatientswithpreviouslytreatedthymiccarcinoma AT hisaoimai salvagechemotherapyinpatientswithpreviouslytreatedthymiccarcinoma AT ouyamaguchi salvagechemotherapyinpatientswithpreviouslytreatedthymiccarcinoma AT atsutomouri salvagechemotherapyinpatientswithpreviouslytreatedthymiccarcinoma AT hiroshikagamu salvagechemotherapyinpatientswithpreviouslytreatedthymiccarcinoma
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Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Thymic Carcinoma

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