Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study

Endotoxins are biological components of particulate matter that cause adverse respiratory system effects. Recently, air purifiers have been widely used; however, their effects on endotoxins are not fully understood. We conducted a randomized crossover intervention study to evaluate the effects of ai...

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Autores principales:	Yoshiko Yoda, Kenji Tamura, Naruhito Otani, Hideki Hasunuma, Shoji F. Nakayama, Masayuki Shima
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	indoor air pollution air purifier endotoxin household characteristics pulmonary function fractional exhaled nitric oxide Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e881992b05574925828af595bff8818c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e881992b05574925828af595bff8818c2021-11-25T16:45:51ZReduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study10.3390/atmos121115232073-4433https://doaj.org/article/e881992b05574925828af595bff8818c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1523https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Endotoxins are biological components of particulate matter that cause adverse respiratory system effects. Recently, air purifiers have been widely used; however, their effects on endotoxins are not fully understood. We conducted a randomized crossover intervention study to evaluate the effects of air purifiers on indoor endotoxins and occupants’ respiratory health. Thirty-two healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; each group spent four weeks using either a true or sham (filter removed) air purifier. Subsequently, the subjects spent an additional four weeks using the alternative air purifier. The indoor endotoxins in fine (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and coarse (PM<sub>10–2.5</sub>) particulate matter were continuously collected, and pulmonary function was tested repeatedly during the study period. Household characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire. The geometric mean of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations was 0.13 EU/m<sup>3</sup>, which was significantly lower with true purifiers compared with sham purifiers, after adjusting for household characteristics (0.17 EU/m<sup>3</sup>). In addition, the PM<sub>2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations were significantly greater in reinforced concrete houses than in wooden houses. The PM<sub>10–2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations were significantly greater in homes with two or more household members, and in those with pets. No association was found between endotoxin concentration and respiratory health among the subjects.Yoshiko YodaKenji TamuraNaruhito OtaniHideki HasunumaShoji F. NakayamaMasayuki ShimaMDPI AGarticleindoor air pollutionair purifierendotoxinhousehold characteristicspulmonary functionfractional exhaled nitric oxideMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1523, p 1523 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	indoor air pollution air purifier endotoxin household characteristics pulmonary function fractional exhaled nitric oxide Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	indoor air pollution air purifier endotoxin household characteristics pulmonary function fractional exhaled nitric oxide Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Yoshiko Yoda Kenji Tamura Naruhito Otani Hideki Hasunuma Shoji F. Nakayama Masayuki Shima Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
description	Endotoxins are biological components of particulate matter that cause adverse respiratory system effects. Recently, air purifiers have been widely used; however, their effects on endotoxins are not fully understood. We conducted a randomized crossover intervention study to evaluate the effects of air purifiers on indoor endotoxins and occupants’ respiratory health. Thirty-two healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; each group spent four weeks using either a true or sham (filter removed) air purifier. Subsequently, the subjects spent an additional four weeks using the alternative air purifier. The indoor endotoxins in fine (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and coarse (PM<sub>10–2.5</sub>) particulate matter were continuously collected, and pulmonary function was tested repeatedly during the study period. Household characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire. The geometric mean of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations was 0.13 EU/m<sup>3</sup>, which was significantly lower with true purifiers compared with sham purifiers, after adjusting for household characteristics (0.17 EU/m<sup>3</sup>). In addition, the PM<sub>2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations were significantly greater in reinforced concrete houses than in wooden houses. The PM<sub>10–2.5</sub> endotoxin concentrations were significantly greater in homes with two or more household members, and in those with pets. No association was found between endotoxin concentration and respiratory health among the subjects.
format	article
author	Yoshiko Yoda Kenji Tamura Naruhito Otani Hideki Hasunuma Shoji F. Nakayama Masayuki Shima
author_facet	Yoshiko Yoda Kenji Tamura Naruhito Otani Hideki Hasunuma Shoji F. Nakayama Masayuki Shima
author_sort	Yoshiko Yoda
title	Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
title_short	Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
title_full	Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
title_fullStr	Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
title_full_unstemmed	Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
title_sort	reduction in indoor airborne endotoxin concentration by the use of air purifier and its relationship with respiratory health: a randomized crossover intervention study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e881992b05574925828af595bff8818c
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Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study

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