Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review

The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly...

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Autores principales:	Hiba M. Alkharabsheh, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Omar A. Hewedy, Martin L. Battaglia, Rewaa S. Jalal, Bushra A. Alhammad, Calogero Schillaci, Nawab Ali, Abdullah Al-Doss
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cereal salinity mitigation effects mechanisms modern agriculture Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f29
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f292021-11-25T16:10:52ZField Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review10.3390/agronomy111122992073-4395https://doaj.org/article/e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f292021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2299https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly impacted by salinity stress. High soil salinity can reduce water uptake, create osmotic stress in plants and, consequently, oxidative stress. Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, to mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) or compartmentalizing Na<sup>+</sup> to vacuoles. Likewise, plants activate an antioxidant defense system to detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding the response of field crops to salinity stress, including their resistance mechanisms, can help breed adapted varieties with high productivity under unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, the primary stages of seed germination are more critical to osmotic stress than the vegetative stages. However, salinity stress at the reproductive stage can also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches are being used to accelerate the development of salt-adapted crops. In addition, hormones and osmolytes application can mitigate the toxicity impact of salts in cereal crops. Therefore, we review the salinity on cereal crops physiology and production, the management strategies to cope with the harmful negative effect on cereal crops physiology and production of salt stress.Hiba M. AlkharabshehMahmoud F. SeleimanOmar A. HewedyMartin L. BattagliaRewaa S. JalalBushra A. AlhammadCalogero SchillaciNawab AliAbdullah Al-DossMDPI AGarticlecerealsalinitymitigation effectsmechanismsmodern agricultureAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2299, p 2299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cereal salinity mitigation effects mechanisms modern agriculture Agriculture S
spellingShingle	cereal salinity mitigation effects mechanisms modern agriculture Agriculture S Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
description	The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly impacted by salinity stress. High soil salinity can reduce water uptake, create osmotic stress in plants and, consequently, oxidative stress. Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, to mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) or compartmentalizing Na<sup>+</sup> to vacuoles. Likewise, plants activate an antioxidant defense system to detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding the response of field crops to salinity stress, including their resistance mechanisms, can help breed adapted varieties with high productivity under unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, the primary stages of seed germination are more critical to osmotic stress than the vegetative stages. However, salinity stress at the reproductive stage can also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches are being used to accelerate the development of salt-adapted crops. In addition, hormones and osmolytes application can mitigate the toxicity impact of salts in cereal crops. Therefore, we review the salinity on cereal crops physiology and production, the management strategies to cope with the harmful negative effect on cereal crops physiology and production of salt stress.
format	article
author	Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss
author_facet	Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss
author_sort	Hiba M. Alkharabsheh
title	Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
title_short	Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
title_full	Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
title_fullStr	Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
title_sort	field crop responses and management strategies to mitigate soil salinity in modern agriculture: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f29
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Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review

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