Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents

<i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms...

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Autores principales:	Biljana Todorović, Veno Jaša Grujić, Andreja Urbanek Krajnc, Roman Kranvogl, Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	astaxanthin diesters astaxanthin monoesters carotenoids <i>Hematococcus pluvialis</i> solvent extraction Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e893796d7b604204a3cd9f4d458f3bb0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e893796d7b604204a3cd9f4d458f3bb02021-11-25T18:46:24ZIdentification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents10.3390/plants101124132223-7747https://doaj.org/article/e893796d7b604204a3cd9f4d458f3bb02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2413https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747<i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using three different solvents—methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (MTBE), hexane isopropanol (HEX -IPA) and acetone (ACE)—and to identify them by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) technique. We identified eleven astaxanthin monoesters, which accounted for 78.8% of the total astaxanthin pool, six astaxanthin diesters (20.5% of total), while free astaxanthin represented the smallest fraction (0.7%). Astaxanthin monoesters (C16:2, C16:1, C16:0), which were the major bioactive compounds in the <i>H. pluvialis</i> samples studied, ranged from 10.2 to 11.8 mg g<sup>−1</sup> DW. Astaxanthin diesters (C18:4/C18:3, C18:1/C18:3) were detected in the range between 2.3 and 2.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> DW. All three solvents were found to be effective for extraction, but MTBE and hexane-isopropanol extracted the greatest amount of free bioactive astaxanthin. Furthermore, MTBE extracted more low-chain astaxanthin monoesters (C16), and hexane-isopropanol extracted more long-chain monoesters (C18 and above) and more diesters. We can conclude that MTBE is the solvent of choice for the extraction of monoesters and hexane-isopropanol for diesters.Biljana TodorovićVeno Jaša GrujićAndreja Urbanek KrajncRoman KranvoglJana Ambrožič-DolinšekMDPI AGarticleastaxanthin diestersastaxanthin monoesterscarotenoids<i>Hematococcus pluvialis</i>astaxanthin diesterssolvent extractionBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2413, p 2413 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	astaxanthin diesters astaxanthin monoesters carotenoids <i>Hematococcus pluvialis</i> astaxanthin diesters solvent extraction Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	astaxanthin diesters astaxanthin monoesters carotenoids <i>Hematococcus pluvialis</i> astaxanthin diesters solvent extraction Botany QK1-989 Biljana Todorović Veno Jaša Grujić Andreja Urbanek Krajnc Roman Kranvogl Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
description	<i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using three different solvents—methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (MTBE), hexane isopropanol (HEX -IPA) and acetone (ACE)—and to identify them by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) technique. We identified eleven astaxanthin monoesters, which accounted for 78.8% of the total astaxanthin pool, six astaxanthin diesters (20.5% of total), while free astaxanthin represented the smallest fraction (0.7%). Astaxanthin monoesters (C16:2, C16:1, C16:0), which were the major bioactive compounds in the <i>H. pluvialis</i> samples studied, ranged from 10.2 to 11.8 mg g<sup>−1</sup> DW. Astaxanthin diesters (C18:4/C18:3, C18:1/C18:3) were detected in the range between 2.3 and 2.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> DW. All three solvents were found to be effective for extraction, but MTBE and hexane-isopropanol extracted the greatest amount of free bioactive astaxanthin. Furthermore, MTBE extracted more low-chain astaxanthin monoesters (C16), and hexane-isopropanol extracted more long-chain monoesters (C18 and above) and more diesters. We can conclude that MTBE is the solvent of choice for the extraction of monoesters and hexane-isopropanol for diesters.
format	article
author	Biljana Todorović Veno Jaša Grujić Andreja Urbanek Krajnc Roman Kranvogl Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
author_facet	Biljana Todorović Veno Jaša Grujić Andreja Urbanek Krajnc Roman Kranvogl Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
author_sort	Biljana Todorović
title	Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
title_short	Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
title_full	Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
title_fullStr	Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
title_full_unstemmed	Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents
title_sort	identification and content of astaxanthin and its esters from microalgae <i>haematococcus pluvialis</i> by hplc-dad and lc-qtof-ms after extraction with various solvents
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e893796d7b604204a3cd9f4d458f3bb0
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Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents

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