Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers

Abstract Heterogeneity in species diversity is driven by the dynamics of speciation and extinction, potentially influenced by organismal and environmental factors. Here, we explore macroevolutionary trends on a phylogeny of golden orbweavers (spider family Nephilidae). Our initial inference detects...

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Autores principales:	Eva Turk, Simona Kralj-Fišer, Matjaž Kuntner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e89aa3513137492fba9a014754a0619c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e89aa3513137492fba9a014754a0619c2021-12-02T13:41:00ZExploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers10.1038/s41598-021-88555-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e89aa3513137492fba9a014754a0619c2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88555-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Heterogeneity in species diversity is driven by the dynamics of speciation and extinction, potentially influenced by organismal and environmental factors. Here, we explore macroevolutionary trends on a phylogeny of golden orbweavers (spider family Nephilidae). Our initial inference detects heterogeneity in speciation and extinction, with accelerated extinction rates in the extremely sexually size dimorphic Nephila and accelerated speciation in Herennia, a lineage defined by highly derived, arboricolous webs, and pronounced island endemism. We evaluate potential drivers of this heterogeneity that relate to organisms and their environment. Primarily, we test two continuous organismal factors for correlation with diversification in nephilids: phenotypic extremeness (female and male body length, and sexual size dimorphism as their ratio) and dispersal propensity (through range sizes as a proxy). We predict a bell-shaped relationship between factor values and speciation, with intermediate phenotypes exhibiting highest diversification rates. Analyses using SSE-class models fail to support our two predictions, suggesting that phenotypic extremeness and dispersal propensity cannot explain patterns of nephilid diversification. Furthermore, two environmental factors (tropical versus subtropical and island versus continental species distribution) indicate only marginal support for higher speciation in the tropics. Although our results may be affected by methodological limitations imposed by a relatively small phylogeny, it seems that the tested organismal and environmental factors play little to no role in nephilid diversification. In the phylogeny of golden orbweavers, the recent hypothesis of universal diversification dynamics may be the simplest explanation of macroevolutionary patterns.Eva TurkSimona Kralj-FišerMatjaž KuntnerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eva Turk Simona Kralj-Fišer Matjaž Kuntner Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
description	Abstract Heterogeneity in species diversity is driven by the dynamics of speciation and extinction, potentially influenced by organismal and environmental factors. Here, we explore macroevolutionary trends on a phylogeny of golden orbweavers (spider family Nephilidae). Our initial inference detects heterogeneity in speciation and extinction, with accelerated extinction rates in the extremely sexually size dimorphic Nephila and accelerated speciation in Herennia, a lineage defined by highly derived, arboricolous webs, and pronounced island endemism. We evaluate potential drivers of this heterogeneity that relate to organisms and their environment. Primarily, we test two continuous organismal factors for correlation with diversification in nephilids: phenotypic extremeness (female and male body length, and sexual size dimorphism as their ratio) and dispersal propensity (through range sizes as a proxy). We predict a bell-shaped relationship between factor values and speciation, with intermediate phenotypes exhibiting highest diversification rates. Analyses using SSE-class models fail to support our two predictions, suggesting that phenotypic extremeness and dispersal propensity cannot explain patterns of nephilid diversification. Furthermore, two environmental factors (tropical versus subtropical and island versus continental species distribution) indicate only marginal support for higher speciation in the tropics. Although our results may be affected by methodological limitations imposed by a relatively small phylogeny, it seems that the tested organismal and environmental factors play little to no role in nephilid diversification. In the phylogeny of golden orbweavers, the recent hypothesis of universal diversification dynamics may be the simplest explanation of macroevolutionary patterns.
format	article
author	Eva Turk Simona Kralj-Fišer Matjaž Kuntner
author_facet	Eva Turk Simona Kralj-Fišer Matjaž Kuntner
author_sort	Eva Turk
title	Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
title_short	Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
title_full	Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
title_fullStr	Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
title_sort	exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e89aa3513137492fba9a014754a0619c
work_keys_str_mv	AT evaturk exploringdiversificationdriversingoldenorbweavers AT simonakraljfiser exploringdiversificationdriversingoldenorbweavers AT matjazkuntner exploringdiversificationdriversingoldenorbweavers
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Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers

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