Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.

Social network analysis methods have made it possible to test whether novel behaviors in animals spread through individual or social learning. To date, however, social network analysis of wild populations has been limited to static models that cannot precisely reflect the dynamics of learning, for i...

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Autores principales:	Catherine Hobaiter, Timothée Poisot, Klaus Zuberbühler, William Hoppitt, Thibaud Gruber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e8c2c889c3a24af08ce2d3f2f68c697e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e8c2c889c3a24af08ce2d3f2f68c697e2021-11-25T05:32:56ZSocial network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001960https://doaj.org/article/e8c2c889c3a24af08ce2d3f2f68c697e2014-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001960https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Social network analysis methods have made it possible to test whether novel behaviors in animals spread through individual or social learning. To date, however, social network analysis of wild populations has been limited to static models that cannot precisely reflect the dynamics of learning, for instance, the impact of multiple observations across time. Here, we present a novel dynamic version of network analysis that is capable of capturing temporal aspects of acquisition--that is, how successive observations by an individual influence its acquisition of the novel behavior. We apply this model to studying the spread of two novel tool-use variants, "moss-sponging" and "leaf-sponge re-use," in the Sonso chimpanzee community of Budongo Forest, Uganda. Chimpanzees are widely considered the most "cultural" of all animal species, with 39 behaviors suspected as socially acquired, most of them in the domain of tool-use. The cultural hypothesis is supported by experimental data from captive chimpanzees and a range of observational data. However, for wild groups, there is still no direct experimental evidence for social learning, nor has there been any direct observation of social diffusion of behavioral innovations. Here, we tested both a static and a dynamic network model and found strong evidence that diffusion patterns of moss-sponging, but not leaf-sponge re-use, were significantly better explained by social than individual learning. The most conservative estimate of social transmission accounted for 85% of observed events, with an estimated 15-fold increase in learning rate for each time a novice observed an informed individual moss-sponging. We conclude that group-specific behavioral variants in wild chimpanzees can be socially learned, adding to the evidence that this prerequisite for culture originated in a common ancestor of great apes and humans, long before the advent of modern humans.Catherine HobaiterTimothée PoisotKlaus ZuberbühlerWilliam HoppittThibaud GruberPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e1001960 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Catherine Hobaiter Timothée Poisot Klaus Zuberbühler William Hoppitt Thibaud Gruber Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
description	Social network analysis methods have made it possible to test whether novel behaviors in animals spread through individual or social learning. To date, however, social network analysis of wild populations has been limited to static models that cannot precisely reflect the dynamics of learning, for instance, the impact of multiple observations across time. Here, we present a novel dynamic version of network analysis that is capable of capturing temporal aspects of acquisition--that is, how successive observations by an individual influence its acquisition of the novel behavior. We apply this model to studying the spread of two novel tool-use variants, "moss-sponging" and "leaf-sponge re-use," in the Sonso chimpanzee community of Budongo Forest, Uganda. Chimpanzees are widely considered the most "cultural" of all animal species, with 39 behaviors suspected as socially acquired, most of them in the domain of tool-use. The cultural hypothesis is supported by experimental data from captive chimpanzees and a range of observational data. However, for wild groups, there is still no direct experimental evidence for social learning, nor has there been any direct observation of social diffusion of behavioral innovations. Here, we tested both a static and a dynamic network model and found strong evidence that diffusion patterns of moss-sponging, but not leaf-sponge re-use, were significantly better explained by social than individual learning. The most conservative estimate of social transmission accounted for 85% of observed events, with an estimated 15-fold increase in learning rate for each time a novice observed an informed individual moss-sponging. We conclude that group-specific behavioral variants in wild chimpanzees can be socially learned, adding to the evidence that this prerequisite for culture originated in a common ancestor of great apes and humans, long before the advent of modern humans.
format	article
author	Catherine Hobaiter Timothée Poisot Klaus Zuberbühler William Hoppitt Thibaud Gruber
author_facet	Catherine Hobaiter Timothée Poisot Klaus Zuberbühler William Hoppitt Thibaud Gruber
author_sort	Catherine Hobaiter
title	Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
title_short	Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
title_full	Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
title_fullStr	Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
title_full_unstemmed	Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
title_sort	social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e8c2c889c3a24af08ce2d3f2f68c697e
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Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.

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