Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

The aim of this contribution is to identify and quantify the magnetic field parameter (MP) devices for charging electric vehicles (EVs). An EV is a mobile device. The EV remains a mobile device even when it is charging in a fixed charging stand. ICNIRP and SBM standards apply to stable devices. A ma...

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Autores principales:	Iveta Marková, Milan Oravec, Linda Makovická Osvaldová, Eva Sventeková, Daniel Jurč
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	magnetic field magnetic field source charging stands AC/DC charger in electric vehicle fluxgate magnetometer rotating magnetic field vector Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e8d4a5555fa446f1b177a636fc71a630
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e8d4a5555fa446f1b177a636fc71a6302021-11-25T19:05:45ZMagnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study10.3390/sym131119792073-8994https://doaj.org/article/e8d4a5555fa446f1b177a636fc71a6302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/1979https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994The aim of this contribution is to identify and quantify the magnetic field parameter (MP) devices for charging electric vehicles (EVs). An EV is a mobile device. The EV remains a mobile device even when it is charging in a fixed charging stand. ICNIRP and SBM standards apply to stable devices. A magnetic field (MF) creates local gradient fields that change cyclically over time near the charging stations. The rotating vector MF is a specific parameter. An MF is evaluated by its strength and spatial changes. The triaxial fluxgate magnetometer VEMA-041 was used for the measurements. The MF was observed in the frequency range of 0–250 Hz, and the magnetic induction density was from T 2 × 10<sup>−9</sup> T to 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> T, with a sensitivity of 1.7 nT. The MF analysis was performed within the time and frequency range. The rotating vector MF was identified at the measurement points. Measurements were realized for the charge under the following parameters: cables, 600 A; transformer, 250 kVA (22 kV/400 V); a cab-fixed charging stand, and an AC/DC charger in the EV. EV charging was performed with 6.6 kW of power and 43-kW fast charging. The measured results were satisfactory, according to the ICNIRP and SBM 2015 standard. The values measured at a distance of 1 m from the wall of the transformer were <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> < 2 µT. <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> values < 3 µT were measured in the space of the cable’s entry into the distribution box. EV values should not be assessed under this regulation. However, an EV is a mobile device. In the selected EV sample (a first-generation Nissan Leaf), a frequency of 10 Hz and its multiples were detected during charging. The frequencies were generated in an AC/DC charger in the EV. These frequencies reached <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> < 0.2 µT in the driver’s footwell. The maximum value of the MF rotating vector was <i>B<sub>total</sub></i> < 0.3 µT and was directed to the crew area of the EV. The AC/DC charger generated <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> = 0.95 µTin the driver’s footwell. It is necessary to look for new tools for evaluating MFs for EVs, such as the standards used for stable sources today. These standards should be based on dosimetric principles.Iveta MarkováMilan OravecLinda Makovická OsvaldováEva SventekováDaniel JurčMDPI AGarticlemagnetic fieldmagnetic field sourcecharging standsAC/DC charger in electric vehiclefluxgate magnetometerrotating magnetic field vectorMathematicsQA1-939ENSymmetry, Vol 13, Iss 1979, p 1979 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	magnetic field magnetic field source charging stands AC/DC charger in electric vehicle fluxgate magnetometer rotating magnetic field vector Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	magnetic field magnetic field source charging stands AC/DC charger in electric vehicle fluxgate magnetometer rotating magnetic field vector Mathematics QA1-939 Iveta Marková Milan Oravec Linda Makovická Osvaldová Eva Sventeková Daniel Jurč Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
description	The aim of this contribution is to identify and quantify the magnetic field parameter (MP) devices for charging electric vehicles (EVs). An EV is a mobile device. The EV remains a mobile device even when it is charging in a fixed charging stand. ICNIRP and SBM standards apply to stable devices. A magnetic field (MF) creates local gradient fields that change cyclically over time near the charging stations. The rotating vector MF is a specific parameter. An MF is evaluated by its strength and spatial changes. The triaxial fluxgate magnetometer VEMA-041 was used for the measurements. The MF was observed in the frequency range of 0–250 Hz, and the magnetic induction density was from T 2 × 10<sup>−9</sup> T to 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> T, with a sensitivity of 1.7 nT. The MF analysis was performed within the time and frequency range. The rotating vector MF was identified at the measurement points. Measurements were realized for the charge under the following parameters: cables, 600 A; transformer, 250 kVA (22 kV/400 V); a cab-fixed charging stand, and an AC/DC charger in the EV. EV charging was performed with 6.6 kW of power and 43-kW fast charging. The measured results were satisfactory, according to the ICNIRP and SBM 2015 standard. The values measured at a distance of 1 m from the wall of the transformer were <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> < 2 µT. <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> values < 3 µT were measured in the space of the cable’s entry into the distribution box. EV values should not be assessed under this regulation. However, an EV is a mobile device. In the selected EV sample (a first-generation Nissan Leaf), a frequency of 10 Hz and its multiples were detected during charging. The frequencies were generated in an AC/DC charger in the EV. These frequencies reached <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> < 0.2 µT in the driver’s footwell. The maximum value of the MF rotating vector was <i>B<sub>total</sub></i> < 0.3 µT and was directed to the crew area of the EV. The AC/DC charger generated <i>B<sub>RMS</sub></i> = 0.95 µTin the driver’s footwell. It is necessary to look for new tools for evaluating MFs for EVs, such as the standards used for stable sources today. These standards should be based on dosimetric principles.
format	article
author	Iveta Marková Milan Oravec Linda Makovická Osvaldová Eva Sventeková Daniel Jurč
author_facet	Iveta Marková Milan Oravec Linda Makovická Osvaldová Eva Sventeková Daniel Jurč
author_sort	Iveta Marková
title	Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
title_short	Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
title_full	Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
title_fullStr	Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
title_full_unstemmed	Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study
title_sort	magnetic fields of devices during electric vehicle charging: a slovak case study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e8d4a5555fa446f1b177a636fc71a630
work_keys_str_mv	AT ivetamarkova magneticfieldsofdevicesduringelectricvehiclechargingaslovakcasestudy AT milanoravec magneticfieldsofdevicesduringelectricvehiclechargingaslovakcasestudy AT lindamakovickaosvaldova magneticfieldsofdevicesduringelectricvehiclechargingaslovakcasestudy AT evasventekova magneticfieldsofdevicesduringelectricvehiclechargingaslovakcasestudy AT danieljurc magneticfieldsofdevicesduringelectricvehiclechargingaslovakcasestudy
_version_	1718410313454321664

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

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