Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index

BACKGROUND:. Pao2 is the gold standard to assess acute hypoxic respiratory failure, but it is only routinely available by intermittent spot checks, precluding any automatic continuous analysis for bedside tools. OBJECTIVE:. To validate a continuous and noninvasive method to estimate hypoxemia severi...

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Autores principales:	Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBI, Gaurav Tuli, PhD, Philippe A. Jouvet, MD, PhD, MBA, John S. Brownstein, PhD, Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, MSc
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wolters Kluwer 2021
Materias:	Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e8e9c30a95ef403b8704a794c4edc7ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e8e9c30a95ef403b8704a794c4edc7ec2021-11-25T07:56:43ZEstimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index2639-802810.1097/CCE.0000000000000546https://doaj.org/article/e8e9c30a95ef403b8704a794c4edc7ec2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000546https://doaj.org/toc/2639-8028BACKGROUND:. Pao2 is the gold standard to assess acute hypoxic respiratory failure, but it is only routinely available by intermittent spot checks, precluding any automatic continuous analysis for bedside tools. OBJECTIVE:. To validate a continuous and noninvasive method to estimate hypoxemia severity for all Spo2 values. DERIVATION COHORT:. All patients who had an arterial blood gas and simultaneous continuous noninvasive monitoring from 2011 to 2019 at Boston Children’s Hospital (Boston, MA) PICU. VALIDATION COHORT:. External cohort at Sainte-Justine Hospital PICU (Montreal, QC, Canada) from 2017 to 2020. PREDICTION MODEL:. We estimated the Pao2 using three kinds of neural networks and an empirically optimized mathematical model derived from known physiologic equations. RESULTS:. We included 52,879 Pao2 (3,252 patients) in the derivation dataset and 12,047 Pao2 (926 patients) in the validation dataset. The mean function on the last minute before the arterial blood gas had the lowest bias (bias –0.1% validation cohort). A difference greater than or equal to 3% between pulse rate and electrical heart rate decreased the intraclass correlation coefficients (0.75 vs 0.44; p < 0.001) implying measurement noise. Our estimated Pao2 equation had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.38; 95% CI, 0.36–0.39; validation cohort) and outperformed neural networks and existing equations. Using the estimated Pao2 to estimate the oxygenation index showed a significantly better hypoxemia classification (kappa) than oxygenation saturation index for both Spo2 less than or equal to 97% (0.79 vs 0.60; p < 0.001) and Spo2 greater than 97% (0.58 vs 0.52; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:. The estimated Pao2 using pulse rate and electrical heart rate Spo2 validation allows a continuous and noninvasive estimation of the oxygenation index that is valid for Spo2 less than or equal to 97% and for Spo2 greater than 97%. Display of continuous analysis of estimated Pao2 and estimated oxygenation index may provide decision support to assist with hypoxemia diagnosis and oxygen titration in critically ill patients.Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBIGaurav Tuli, PhDPhilippe A. Jouvet, MD, PhD, MBAJohn S. Brownstein, PhDAdrienne G. Randolph, MD, MScWolters KluwerarticleMedical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aidRC86-88.9ENCritical Care Explorations, Vol 3, Iss 10, p e0546 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9
spellingShingle	Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9 Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBI Gaurav Tuli, PhD Philippe A. Jouvet, MD, PhD, MBA John S. Brownstein, PhD Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, MSc Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
description	BACKGROUND:. Pao2 is the gold standard to assess acute hypoxic respiratory failure, but it is only routinely available by intermittent spot checks, precluding any automatic continuous analysis for bedside tools. OBJECTIVE:. To validate a continuous and noninvasive method to estimate hypoxemia severity for all Spo2 values. DERIVATION COHORT:. All patients who had an arterial blood gas and simultaneous continuous noninvasive monitoring from 2011 to 2019 at Boston Children’s Hospital (Boston, MA) PICU. VALIDATION COHORT:. External cohort at Sainte-Justine Hospital PICU (Montreal, QC, Canada) from 2017 to 2020. PREDICTION MODEL:. We estimated the Pao2 using three kinds of neural networks and an empirically optimized mathematical model derived from known physiologic equations. RESULTS:. We included 52,879 Pao2 (3,252 patients) in the derivation dataset and 12,047 Pao2 (926 patients) in the validation dataset. The mean function on the last minute before the arterial blood gas had the lowest bias (bias –0.1% validation cohort). A difference greater than or equal to 3% between pulse rate and electrical heart rate decreased the intraclass correlation coefficients (0.75 vs 0.44; p < 0.001) implying measurement noise. Our estimated Pao2 equation had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.38; 95% CI, 0.36–0.39; validation cohort) and outperformed neural networks and existing equations. Using the estimated Pao2 to estimate the oxygenation index showed a significantly better hypoxemia classification (kappa) than oxygenation saturation index for both Spo2 less than or equal to 97% (0.79 vs 0.60; p < 0.001) and Spo2 greater than 97% (0.58 vs 0.52; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:. The estimated Pao2 using pulse rate and electrical heart rate Spo2 validation allows a continuous and noninvasive estimation of the oxygenation index that is valid for Spo2 less than or equal to 97% and for Spo2 greater than 97%. Display of continuous analysis of estimated Pao2 and estimated oxygenation index may provide decision support to assist with hypoxemia diagnosis and oxygen titration in critically ill patients.
format	article
author	Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBI Gaurav Tuli, PhD Philippe A. Jouvet, MD, PhD, MBA John S. Brownstein, PhD Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, MSc
author_facet	Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBI Gaurav Tuli, PhD Philippe A. Jouvet, MD, PhD, MBA John S. Brownstein, PhD Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, MSc
author_sort	Michaël Sauthier, MD, MBI
title	Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
title_short	Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
title_full	Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
title_fullStr	Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
title_full_unstemmed	Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index
title_sort	estimated pao2: a continuous and noninvasive method to estimate pao2 and oxygenation index
publisher	Wolters Kluwer
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e8e9c30a95ef403b8704a794c4edc7ec
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Estimated Pao2: A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao2 and Oxygenation Index

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