Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays

Abstract Several new technologies have emerged promising new Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems in which the sensors can be placed close to the scalp. One such technology, Optically Pumped MEG (OP-MEG) allows for a scalp mounted system that provides measurements within millimetres of the scalp sur...

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Autores principales:	Tim M. Tierney, Stephanie Mellor, George C. O’Neill, Niall Holmes, Elena Boto, Gillian Roberts, Ryan M. Hill, James Leggett, Richard Bowtell, Matthew J. Brookes, Gareth R. Barnes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e8f4e0a56d1c4170ac9c20a397411407
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e8f4e0a56d1c4170ac9c20a3974114072021-12-02T15:11:53ZPragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays10.1038/s41598-020-77589-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e8f4e0a56d1c4170ac9c20a3974114072020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77589-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Several new technologies have emerged promising new Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems in which the sensors can be placed close to the scalp. One such technology, Optically Pumped MEG (OP-MEG) allows for a scalp mounted system that provides measurements within millimetres of the scalp surface. A question that arises in developing on-scalp systems is: how many sensors are necessary to achieve adequate performance/spatial discrimination? There are many factors to consider in answering this question such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR), the locations and depths of the sources, density of spatial sampling, sensor gain errors (due to interference, subject movement, cross-talk, etc.) and, of course, the desired spatial discrimination. In this paper, we provide simulations which show the impact these factors have on designing sensor arrays for wearable MEG. While OP-MEG has the potential to provide high information content at dense spatial samplings, we find that adequate spatial discrimination of sources (< 1 cm) can be achieved with relatively few sensors (< 100) at coarse spatial samplings (~ 30 mm) at high SNR. After this point approximately 50 more sensors are required for every 1 mm improvement in spatial discrimination. Comparable discrimination for traditional cryogenic systems require more channels by these same metrics. We also show that sensor gain errors have the greatest impact on discrimination between deep sources at high SNR. Finally, we also examine the limitation that aliasing due to undersampling has on the effective SNR of on-scalp sensors.Tim M. TierneyStephanie MellorGeorge C. O’NeillNiall HolmesElena BotoGillian RobertsRyan M. HillJames LeggettRichard BowtellMatthew J. BrookesGareth R. BarnesNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tim M. Tierney Stephanie Mellor George C. O’Neill Niall Holmes Elena Boto Gillian Roberts Ryan M. Hill James Leggett Richard Bowtell Matthew J. Brookes Gareth R. Barnes Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
description	Abstract Several new technologies have emerged promising new Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems in which the sensors can be placed close to the scalp. One such technology, Optically Pumped MEG (OP-MEG) allows for a scalp mounted system that provides measurements within millimetres of the scalp surface. A question that arises in developing on-scalp systems is: how many sensors are necessary to achieve adequate performance/spatial discrimination? There are many factors to consider in answering this question such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR), the locations and depths of the sources, density of spatial sampling, sensor gain errors (due to interference, subject movement, cross-talk, etc.) and, of course, the desired spatial discrimination. In this paper, we provide simulations which show the impact these factors have on designing sensor arrays for wearable MEG. While OP-MEG has the potential to provide high information content at dense spatial samplings, we find that adequate spatial discrimination of sources (< 1 cm) can be achieved with relatively few sensors (< 100) at coarse spatial samplings (~ 30 mm) at high SNR. After this point approximately 50 more sensors are required for every 1 mm improvement in spatial discrimination. Comparable discrimination for traditional cryogenic systems require more channels by these same metrics. We also show that sensor gain errors have the greatest impact on discrimination between deep sources at high SNR. Finally, we also examine the limitation that aliasing due to undersampling has on the effective SNR of on-scalp sensors.
format	article
author	Tim M. Tierney Stephanie Mellor George C. O’Neill Niall Holmes Elena Boto Gillian Roberts Ryan M. Hill James Leggett Richard Bowtell Matthew J. Brookes Gareth R. Barnes
author_facet	Tim M. Tierney Stephanie Mellor George C. O’Neill Niall Holmes Elena Boto Gillian Roberts Ryan M. Hill James Leggett Richard Bowtell Matthew J. Brookes Gareth R. Barnes
author_sort	Tim M. Tierney
title	Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
title_short	Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
title_full	Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
title_fullStr	Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
title_full_unstemmed	Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays
title_sort	pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable meg arrays
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e8f4e0a56d1c4170ac9c20a397411407
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Pragmatic spatial sampling for wearable MEG arrays

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