Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis

Trauma and trauma-specific mental health difficulties (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent in people with psychosis. However, not everyone develops post-traumatic symptoms, and some people even experience post-traumatic growth (PTG) following trauma. It is important to identif...

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Autores principales:	Carolina Campodonico, Katherine Berry, Gillian Haddock, Filippo Varese
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	post-traumatic growth resilience PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder psychosis trauma Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e91fa06a3df6486a9620f9ec32745eac
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e91fa06a3df6486a9620f9ec32745eac2021-12-01T12:37:05ZProtective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.735870https://doaj.org/article/e91fa06a3df6486a9620f9ec32745eac2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735870/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Trauma and trauma-specific mental health difficulties (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent in people with psychosis. However, not everyone develops post-traumatic symptoms, and some people even experience post-traumatic growth (PTG) following trauma. It is important to identify which protective factors are associated with less severe trauma symptoms and/or positive outcomes to inform the development and implementation of interventions fostering these variables. Eighty-five patients with experiences of psychosis took part in a cross-sectional study. They were administered questionnaires measuring exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of PTSD and complex PTSD and potential protective factors assumed to be associated with lower vulnerability for post-traumatic symptoms and higher post-traumatic growth (trait resilience, secure attachment, social support, adaptive coping, optimism, general self-efficacy). Multiple hierarchical regression showed that some of these protective factors, in particular optimism, were associated with lower post-traumatic symptoms, explaining 21% of the variance in complex PTSD symptoms and 16% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. However, the hypothesized protective factors, in particular resilience and adaptive coping, explained a considerably larger proportion of variance in PTG (44%). Our results suggest that whilst these variables provide only moderate protection from the vulnerability to experience post-traumatic stress, they may play an important role in allowing people to find meaning despite multiple traumas and subsequently lead more fulfilling lives. Therapies targeting the emotional and psychological consequences of trauma in people with psychosis might benefit from the integration of intervention strategies to enhance these additional psychological protective factors, which in turn may lead to positive treatment outcomes beyond the mere reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms.Carolina CampodonicoCarolina CampodonicoKatherine BerryKatherine BerryGillian HaddockGillian HaddockFilippo VareseFilippo VareseFrontiers Media S.A.articlepost-traumatic growthresiliencePTSDpost-traumatic stress disorderpsychosistraumaPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	post-traumatic growth resilience PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder psychosis trauma Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	post-traumatic growth resilience PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder psychosis trauma Psychiatry RC435-571 Carolina Campodonico Carolina Campodonico Katherine Berry Katherine Berry Gillian Haddock Gillian Haddock Filippo Varese Filippo Varese Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
description	Trauma and trauma-specific mental health difficulties (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent in people with psychosis. However, not everyone develops post-traumatic symptoms, and some people even experience post-traumatic growth (PTG) following trauma. It is important to identify which protective factors are associated with less severe trauma symptoms and/or positive outcomes to inform the development and implementation of interventions fostering these variables. Eighty-five patients with experiences of psychosis took part in a cross-sectional study. They were administered questionnaires measuring exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of PTSD and complex PTSD and potential protective factors assumed to be associated with lower vulnerability for post-traumatic symptoms and higher post-traumatic growth (trait resilience, secure attachment, social support, adaptive coping, optimism, general self-efficacy). Multiple hierarchical regression showed that some of these protective factors, in particular optimism, were associated with lower post-traumatic symptoms, explaining 21% of the variance in complex PTSD symptoms and 16% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. However, the hypothesized protective factors, in particular resilience and adaptive coping, explained a considerably larger proportion of variance in PTG (44%). Our results suggest that whilst these variables provide only moderate protection from the vulnerability to experience post-traumatic stress, they may play an important role in allowing people to find meaning despite multiple traumas and subsequently lead more fulfilling lives. Therapies targeting the emotional and psychological consequences of trauma in people with psychosis might benefit from the integration of intervention strategies to enhance these additional psychological protective factors, which in turn may lead to positive treatment outcomes beyond the mere reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms.
format	article
author	Carolina Campodonico Carolina Campodonico Katherine Berry Katherine Berry Gillian Haddock Gillian Haddock Filippo Varese Filippo Varese
author_facet	Carolina Campodonico Carolina Campodonico Katherine Berry Katherine Berry Gillian Haddock Gillian Haddock Filippo Varese Filippo Varese
author_sort	Carolina Campodonico
title	Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
title_short	Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
title_full	Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
title_fullStr	Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
title_full_unstemmed	Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis
title_sort	protective factors associated with post-traumatic outcomes in individuals with experiences of psychosis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e91fa06a3df6486a9620f9ec32745eac
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinacampodonico protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT carolinacampodonico protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT katherineberry protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT katherineberry protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT gillianhaddock protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT gillianhaddock protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT filippovarese protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis AT filippovarese protectivefactorsassociatedwithposttraumaticoutcomesinindividualswithexperiencesofpsychosis
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Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis

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