Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.

<h4>Background</h4>Alcohol has been reported to be a common and modifiable risk factor for hypertension. However, observational studies are subject to confounding by other behavioural and sociodemographic factors, while clinical trials are difficult to implement and have limited follow-u...

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Autores principales:	Lina Chen, George Davey Smith, Roger M Harbord, Sarah J Lewis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e92a611d35e4431183ef40d88d0118d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e92a611d35e4431183ef40d88d0118d82021-11-25T05:37:03ZAlcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.0050052https://doaj.org/article/e92a611d35e4431183ef40d88d0118d82008-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18318597/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Alcohol has been reported to be a common and modifiable risk factor for hypertension. However, observational studies are subject to confounding by other behavioural and sociodemographic factors, while clinical trials are difficult to implement and have limited follow-up time. Mendelian randomization can provide robust evidence on the nature of this association by use of a common polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) as a surrogate for measuring alcohol consumption. ALDH2 encodes a major enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. Individuals homozygous for the null variant (22) experience adverse symptoms when drinking alcohol and consequently drink considerably less alcohol than wild-type homozygotes (11) or heterozygotes. We hypothesise that this polymorphism may influence the risk of hypertension by affecting alcohol drinking behaviour.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We carried out fixed effect meta-analyses of the ALDH2 genotype with blood pressure (five studies, n = 7,658) and hypertension (three studies, n = 4,219) using studies identified via systematic review. In males, we obtained an overall odds ratio of 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-3.55, p = 4.8 x 10(-6)) for hypertension comparing 11 with 22 homozygotes and an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.17-2.52, p = 0.006) comparing heterozygotes (surrogate for moderate drinkers) with 22 homozygotes. Systolic blood pressure was 7.44 mmHg (95% CI 5.39-9.49, p = 1.1 x 10(-12)) greater among 11 than among 22 homozygotes, and 4.24 mmHg (95% CI 2.18-6.31, p = 0.00005) greater among heterozygotes than among 22 homozygotes.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings support the hypothesis that alcohol intake has a marked effect on blood pressure and the risk of hypertension.Lina ChenGeorge Davey SmithRoger M HarbordSarah J LewisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 3, p e52 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R
spellingShingle	Medicine R Lina Chen George Davey Smith Roger M Harbord Sarah J Lewis Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Alcohol has been reported to be a common and modifiable risk factor for hypertension. However, observational studies are subject to confounding by other behavioural and sociodemographic factors, while clinical trials are difficult to implement and have limited follow-up time. Mendelian randomization can provide robust evidence on the nature of this association by use of a common polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) as a surrogate for measuring alcohol consumption. ALDH2 encodes a major enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. Individuals homozygous for the null variant (22) experience adverse symptoms when drinking alcohol and consequently drink considerably less alcohol than wild-type homozygotes (11) or heterozygotes. We hypothesise that this polymorphism may influence the risk of hypertension by affecting alcohol drinking behaviour.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We carried out fixed effect meta-analyses of the ALDH2 genotype with blood pressure (five studies, n = 7,658) and hypertension (three studies, n = 4,219) using studies identified via systematic review. In males, we obtained an overall odds ratio of 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-3.55, p = 4.8 x 10(-6)) for hypertension comparing 11 with 22 homozygotes and an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.17-2.52, p = 0.006) comparing heterozygotes (surrogate for moderate drinkers) with 22 homozygotes. Systolic blood pressure was 7.44 mmHg (95% CI 5.39-9.49, p = 1.1 x 10(-12)) greater among 11 than among 22 homozygotes, and 4.24 mmHg (95% CI 2.18-6.31, p = 0.00005) greater among heterozygotes than among 22 homozygotes.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings support the hypothesis that alcohol intake has a marked effect on blood pressure and the risk of hypertension.
format	article
author	Lina Chen George Davey Smith Roger M Harbord Sarah J Lewis
author_facet	Lina Chen George Davey Smith Roger M Harbord Sarah J Lewis
author_sort	Lina Chen
title	Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
title_short	Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
title_full	Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
title_fullStr	Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
title_full_unstemmed	Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.
title_sort	alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a mendelian randomization approach.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/e92a611d35e4431183ef40d88d0118d8
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Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.

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