Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals

ABSTRACT From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations...

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Autores principales:	S. J. Anthony, J. A. St. Leger, K. Pugliares, H. S. Ip, J. M. Chan, Z. W. Carpenter, I. Navarrete-Macias, M. Sanchez-Leon, J. T. Saliki, J. Pedersen, W. Karesh, P. Daszak, R. Rabadan, T. Rowles, W. I. Lipkin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e95233a6fa3f41319d0024efeb555724
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e95233a6fa3f41319d0024efeb5557242021-11-15T15:39:09ZEmergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals10.1128/mBio.00166-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e95233a6fa3f41319d0024efeb5557242012-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00166-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SAα-2,3 and mammalian SAα-2,6 receptors in seal respiratory tract, and the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes bearing either the SAα-2,3 or the SAα-2,6 receptor. The emergence of this A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 virus may herald the appearance of an H3N8 influenza clade with potential for persistence and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new strains of influenza virus is always of great public concern, especially when the infection of a new mammalian host has the potential to result in a widespread outbreak of disease. Here we report the emergence of an avian influenza virus (H3N8) in New England harbor seals which caused an outbreak of pneumonia and contributed to a U.S. federally recognized unusual mortality event (UME). This outbreak is particularly significant, not only because of the disease it caused in seals but also because the virus has naturally acquired mutations that are known to increase transmissibility and virulence in mammals. Monitoring the spillover and adaptation of avian viruses in mammalian species is critically important if we are to understand the factors that lead to both epizootic and zoonotic emergence.S. J. AnthonyJ. A. St. LegerK. PugliaresH. S. IpJ. M. ChanZ. W. CarpenterI. Navarrete-MaciasM. Sanchez-LeonJ. T. SalikiJ. PedersenW. KareshP. DaszakR. RabadanT. RowlesW. I. LipkinAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 4 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 S. J. Anthony J. A. St. Leger K. Pugliares H. S. Ip J. M. Chan Z. W. Carpenter I. Navarrete-Macias M. Sanchez-Leon J. T. Saliki J. Pedersen W. Karesh P. Daszak R. Rabadan T. Rowles W. I. Lipkin Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
description	ABSTRACT From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SAα-2,3 and mammalian SAα-2,6 receptors in seal respiratory tract, and the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes bearing either the SAα-2,3 or the SAα-2,6 receptor. The emergence of this A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 virus may herald the appearance of an H3N8 influenza clade with potential for persistence and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new strains of influenza virus is always of great public concern, especially when the infection of a new mammalian host has the potential to result in a widespread outbreak of disease. Here we report the emergence of an avian influenza virus (H3N8) in New England harbor seals which caused an outbreak of pneumonia and contributed to a U.S. federally recognized unusual mortality event (UME). This outbreak is particularly significant, not only because of the disease it caused in seals but also because the virus has naturally acquired mutations that are known to increase transmissibility and virulence in mammals. Monitoring the spillover and adaptation of avian viruses in mammalian species is critically important if we are to understand the factors that lead to both epizootic and zoonotic emergence.
format	article
author	S. J. Anthony J. A. St. Leger K. Pugliares H. S. Ip J. M. Chan Z. W. Carpenter I. Navarrete-Macias M. Sanchez-Leon J. T. Saliki J. Pedersen W. Karesh P. Daszak R. Rabadan T. Rowles W. I. Lipkin
author_facet	S. J. Anthony J. A. St. Leger K. Pugliares H. S. Ip J. M. Chan Z. W. Carpenter I. Navarrete-Macias M. Sanchez-Leon J. T. Saliki J. Pedersen W. Karesh P. Daszak R. Rabadan T. Rowles W. I. Lipkin
author_sort	S. J. Anthony
title	Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
title_short	Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
title_full	Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
title_fullStr	Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
title_full_unstemmed	Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals
title_sort	emergence of fatal avian influenza in new england harbor seals
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/e95233a6fa3f41319d0024efeb555724
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Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals

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