Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.

<h4>Background</h4>Recent advances in automated assessment of basic vocabulary lists allow the construction of linguistic phylogenies useful for tracing dynamics of human population expansions, reconstructing ancestral cultures, and modeling transition rates of cultural traits over time....

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Autores principales:	Robert S Walker, Søren Wichmann, Thomas Mailund, Curtis J Atkisson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e958204e8dbe469587d9e0b9fc3a9769
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e958204e8dbe469587d9e0b9fc3a97692021-11-18T07:22:44ZCultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0035025https://doaj.org/article/e958204e8dbe469587d9e0b9fc3a97692012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22506065/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Recent advances in automated assessment of basic vocabulary lists allow the construction of linguistic phylogenies useful for tracing dynamics of human population expansions, reconstructing ancestral cultures, and modeling transition rates of cultural traits over time.<h4>Methods</h4>Here we investigate the Tupi expansion, a widely-dispersed language family in lowland South America, with a distance-based phylogeny based on 40-word vocabulary lists from 48 languages. We coded 11 cultural traits across the diverse Tupi family including traditional warfare patterns, post-marital residence, corporate structure, community size, paternity beliefs, sibling terminology, presence of canoes, tattooing, shamanism, men's houses, and lip plugs.<h4>Results/discussion</h4>The linguistic phylogeny supports a Tupi homeland in west-central Brazil with subsequent major expansions across much of lowland South America. Consistently, ancestral reconstructions of cultural traits over the linguistic phylogeny suggest that social complexity has tended to decline through time, most notably in the independent emergence of several nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. Estimated rates of cultural change across the Tupi expansion are on the order of only a few changes per 10,000 years, in accord with previous cultural phylogenetic results in other language families around the world, and indicate a conservative nature to much of human culture.Robert S WalkerSøren WichmannThomas MailundCurtis J AtkissonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e35025 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Robert S Walker Søren Wichmann Thomas Mailund Curtis J Atkisson Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Recent advances in automated assessment of basic vocabulary lists allow the construction of linguistic phylogenies useful for tracing dynamics of human population expansions, reconstructing ancestral cultures, and modeling transition rates of cultural traits over time.<h4>Methods</h4>Here we investigate the Tupi expansion, a widely-dispersed language family in lowland South America, with a distance-based phylogeny based on 40-word vocabulary lists from 48 languages. We coded 11 cultural traits across the diverse Tupi family including traditional warfare patterns, post-marital residence, corporate structure, community size, paternity beliefs, sibling terminology, presence of canoes, tattooing, shamanism, men's houses, and lip plugs.<h4>Results/discussion</h4>The linguistic phylogeny supports a Tupi homeland in west-central Brazil with subsequent major expansions across much of lowland South America. Consistently, ancestral reconstructions of cultural traits over the linguistic phylogeny suggest that social complexity has tended to decline through time, most notably in the independent emergence of several nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. Estimated rates of cultural change across the Tupi expansion are on the order of only a few changes per 10,000 years, in accord with previous cultural phylogenetic results in other language families around the world, and indicate a conservative nature to much of human culture.
format	article
author	Robert S Walker Søren Wichmann Thomas Mailund Curtis J Atkisson
author_facet	Robert S Walker Søren Wichmann Thomas Mailund Curtis J Atkisson
author_sort	Robert S Walker
title	Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
title_short	Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
title_full	Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
title_fullStr	Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
title_full_unstemmed	Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.
title_sort	cultural phylogenetics of the tupi language family in lowland south america.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/e958204e8dbe469587d9e0b9fc3a9769
work_keys_str_mv	AT robertswalker culturalphylogeneticsofthetupilanguagefamilyinlowlandsouthamerica AT sørenwichmann culturalphylogeneticsofthetupilanguagefamilyinlowlandsouthamerica AT thomasmailund culturalphylogeneticsofthetupilanguagefamilyinlowlandsouthamerica AT curtisjatkisson culturalphylogeneticsofthetupilanguagefamilyinlowlandsouthamerica
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Cultural phylogenetics of the Tupi language family in lowland South America.

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