Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits

Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits

Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and yellow (&l...

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Autores principales: Meng Shi, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Yinying He, Songfeng Ma, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan, Qiang Yang, Binqi Li, Zhimin Lin, Faxing Chen
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims.
<i>PAL</i>
fruit quality
<i>UFGT</i>
anthocyanin
UPLC-MS
Botany
QK1-989
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:e964f5c7b040479eb268f3930bb4dcc42021-11-25T18:44:05ZFlavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits10.3390/plants101122402223-7747https://doaj.org/article/e964f5c7b040479eb268f3930bb4dcc42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2240https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., <i>C4H</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>UFGT,</i> and <i>GST</i> were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, <i>PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2,</i> and <i>PeGST7</i> may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.Meng ShiMuhammad Moaaz AliYinying HeSongfeng MaHafiz Muhammad RizwanQiang YangBinqi LiZhimin LinFaxing ChenMDPI AGarticle<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims.<i>PAL</i>fruit quality<i>UFGT</i>anthocyaninUPLC-MSBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2240, p 2240 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic <i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims.
<i>PAL</i>
fruit quality
<i>UFGT</i>
anthocyanin
UPLC-MS
Botany
QK1-989
spellingShingle <i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims.
<i>PAL</i>
fruit quality
<i>UFGT</i>
anthocyanin
UPLC-MS
Botany
QK1-989
Meng Shi
Muhammad Moaaz Ali
Yinying He
Songfeng Ma
Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
Qiang Yang
Binqi Li
Zhimin Lin
Faxing Chen
Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
description Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., <i>C4H</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>UFGT,</i> and <i>GST</i> were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, <i>PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2,</i> and <i>PeGST7</i> may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.
format article
author Meng Shi
Muhammad Moaaz Ali
Yinying He
Songfeng Ma
Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
Qiang Yang
Binqi Li
Zhimin Lin
Faxing Chen
author_facet Meng Shi
Muhammad Moaaz Ali
Yinying He
Songfeng Ma
Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
Qiang Yang
Binqi Li
Zhimin Lin
Faxing Chen
author_sort Meng Shi
title Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
title_short Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
title_full Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
title_fullStr Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
title_full_unstemmed Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and Yellow (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) Passion Fruits
title_sort flavonoids accumulation in fruit peel and expression profiling of related genes in purple (<i>passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>edulis</i>) and yellow (<i>passiflora edulis</i> f. <i>flavicarpa</i>) passion fruits
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/e964f5c7b040479eb268f3930bb4dcc4
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