Linnaea borealis L. var. borealis—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species

Linnaea borealis L. (Twinflower)—a dwarf shrub in the Linnaeeae tribe of Caprifoliaceae family—is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. By means of this study, a reliable protocol for efficient micropropagation of uniform L. borealis L. var. borea...

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Autores principales:	Barbara Thiem, Dariusz Kruszka, Natalia Turowska, Elwira Sliwinska, Viktor Berge, Małgorzata Kikowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	twinflower micropropagation callus triterpenoid saponins iridoids bioactive secondary metabolites Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e98e0b00d5ec4d6884bc482723e9a21f
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:e98e0b00d5ec4d6884bc482723e9a21f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e98e0b00d5ec4d6884bc482723e9a21f2021-11-25T18:27:30Z<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species10.3390/molecules262268231420-3049https://doaj.org/article/e98e0b00d5ec4d6884bc482723e9a21f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6823https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. (Twinflower)—a dwarf shrub in the Linnaeeae tribe of Caprifoliaceae family—is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. By means of this study, a reliable protocol for efficient micropropagation of uniform <i>L. borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i> plantlets has been provided for the first time; callus culture was also established. Different initial explants, types of cultures, media systems, and plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media were tested. Agitated shoot cultures in the liquid media turned out to be the best system for the production of sustainable plant biomass. After stabilization of the callus lines, the highest growth index (c.a. 526%) was gained for callus maintained on MS enriched with picloram. TLC and UHPLC-HESI-HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and for the first time, the presence of iridoids and triterpenoid saponins in this species. Multiplication of <i>L. borealis</i> shoot culture provides renewable raw material, allowing for the assessment of the phytochemical profile, and, in the future, for the quantitative analyses and the studies of the biological activity of extracts, fractions, or isolated compounds. This is the first report on in vitro cultures of traditionally used <i>L. borealis</i> rare taxon and its biosynthetic potential.Barbara ThiemDariusz KruszkaNatalia TurowskaElwira SliwinskaViktor BergeMałgorzata KikowskaMDPI AGarticletwinflowermicropropagationcallustriterpenoid saponinsiridoidsbioactive secondary metabolitesOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6823, p 6823 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	twinflower micropropagation callus triterpenoid saponins iridoids bioactive secondary metabolites Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	twinflower micropropagation callus triterpenoid saponins iridoids bioactive secondary metabolites Organic chemistry QD241-441 Barbara Thiem Dariusz Kruszka Natalia Turowska Elwira Sliwinska Viktor Berge Małgorzata Kikowska <i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
description	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. (Twinflower)—a dwarf shrub in the Linnaeeae tribe of Caprifoliaceae family—is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. By means of this study, a reliable protocol for efficient micropropagation of uniform <i>L. borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i> plantlets has been provided for the first time; callus culture was also established. Different initial explants, types of cultures, media systems, and plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media were tested. Agitated shoot cultures in the liquid media turned out to be the best system for the production of sustainable plant biomass. After stabilization of the callus lines, the highest growth index (c.a. 526%) was gained for callus maintained on MS enriched with picloram. TLC and UHPLC-HESI-HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and for the first time, the presence of iridoids and triterpenoid saponins in this species. Multiplication of <i>L. borealis</i> shoot culture provides renewable raw material, allowing for the assessment of the phytochemical profile, and, in the future, for the quantitative analyses and the studies of the biological activity of extracts, fractions, or isolated compounds. This is the first report on in vitro cultures of traditionally used <i>L. borealis</i> rare taxon and its biosynthetic potential.
format	article
author	Barbara Thiem Dariusz Kruszka Natalia Turowska Elwira Sliwinska Viktor Berge Małgorzata Kikowska
author_facet	Barbara Thiem Dariusz Kruszka Natalia Turowska Elwira Sliwinska Viktor Berge Małgorzata Kikowska
author_sort	Barbara Thiem
title	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
title_short	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
title_full	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
title_fullStr	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species
title_sort	<i>linnaea borealis</i> l. var. <i>borealis</i>—in vitro cultures and phytochemical screening as a dual strategy for its ex situ conservation and a source of bioactive compounds of the rare species
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e98e0b00d5ec4d6884bc482723e9a21f
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<i>Linnaea borealis</i> L. var. <i>borealis</i>—In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species

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