Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature

Abstract Extremely heavy precipitation affects human society and the natural environment, and its behaviour under a warming climate needs to be elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that observed extreme precipitation increases with surface air temperature (SAT) at approximately the Clausius–...

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Autores principales:	Mikiko Fujita, Tomonori Sato
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e99082cb9cf94fd6977bff57f2b76992
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e99082cb9cf94fd6977bff57f2b769922021-12-02T11:52:22ZObserved behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature10.1038/s41598-017-04443-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e99082cb9cf94fd6977bff57f2b769922017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04443-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Extremely heavy precipitation affects human society and the natural environment, and its behaviour under a warming climate needs to be elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that observed extreme precipitation increases with surface air temperature (SAT) at approximately the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate, suggesting that atmospheric water vapour content can explain the relationship between extreme precipitation and SAT. However, the relationship between atmospheric water vapour content and SAT is poorly understood due to the lack of reliable observations with sufficient spatial and temporal coverage for statistical analyses. Here, we analyse the relationship between atmospheric water vapour content and SAT using precipitable water vapour (PWV) derived from global positioning system satellites. A super-CC rate appears in hourly PWV when the SAT is below 16 °C, whereas the rate decreases at high SAT, which is different from the precipitation-SAT relationship. The effects of upper air temperature and water vapour can consistently explain the super-CC rate of PWV relative to SAT. The difference between moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates increases with SAT, in consequence of more ability to hold water vapour in the free atmosphere under higher SAT conditions; therefore, attainable PWV increases more rapidly than the CC rate as SAT increases.Mikiko FujitaTomonori SatoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mikiko Fujita Tomonori Sato Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
description	Abstract Extremely heavy precipitation affects human society and the natural environment, and its behaviour under a warming climate needs to be elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that observed extreme precipitation increases with surface air temperature (SAT) at approximately the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate, suggesting that atmospheric water vapour content can explain the relationship between extreme precipitation and SAT. However, the relationship between atmospheric water vapour content and SAT is poorly understood due to the lack of reliable observations with sufficient spatial and temporal coverage for statistical analyses. Here, we analyse the relationship between atmospheric water vapour content and SAT using precipitable water vapour (PWV) derived from global positioning system satellites. A super-CC rate appears in hourly PWV when the SAT is below 16 °C, whereas the rate decreases at high SAT, which is different from the precipitation-SAT relationship. The effects of upper air temperature and water vapour can consistently explain the super-CC rate of PWV relative to SAT. The difference between moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates increases with SAT, in consequence of more ability to hold water vapour in the free atmosphere under higher SAT conditions; therefore, attainable PWV increases more rapidly than the CC rate as SAT increases.
format	article
author	Mikiko Fujita Tomonori Sato
author_facet	Mikiko Fujita Tomonori Sato
author_sort	Mikiko Fujita
title	Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
title_short	Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
title_full	Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
title_fullStr	Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
title_full_unstemmed	Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
title_sort	observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e99082cb9cf94fd6977bff57f2b76992
work_keys_str_mv	AT mikikofujita observedbehavioursofprecipitablewatervapourandprecipitationintensityinresponsetoupperairprofilesestimatedfromsurfaceairtemperature AT tomonorisato observedbehavioursofprecipitablewatervapourandprecipitationintensityinresponsetoupperairprofilesestimatedfromsurfaceairtemperature
_version_	1718395079652016128

Observed behaviours of precipitable water vapour and precipitation intensity in response to upper air profiles estimated from surface air temperature

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