Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
Abstract Background Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic childr...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:e99d80d099914b86b9e78696d8fc7d7b2021-11-28T12:15:18ZAntibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain10.1186/s12916-021-02184-11741-7015https://doaj.org/article/e99d80d099914b86b9e78696d8fc7d7b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7015Abstract Background Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. Methods Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. Results Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. Conclusion Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.Carlota DobañoSelena AlonsoMariona Fernández de SevillaMarta VidalAlfons JiménezGemma Pons TomasChenjerai JairoceMaría Melé CasasRocío RubioMaría Hernández GarcíaGemma Ruiz-OlallaMònica Girona-AlarcónDiana BarriosRebeca SantanoRobert A. MitchellLaura PuyolLeonie MayerJordi ChiNatalia Rodrigo MeleroCarlo CarolisAleix Garcia-MiquelElisenda Bonet-CarneJoana ClaverolMarta CubellsClaudia FortunyVictoria FumadóCristina JouCarmen Muñoz-AlmagroLuis IzquierdoQuique BassatEduard GratacósRuth AguilarJuan José García-GarcíaGemma MoncunillIolanda JordanBMCarticleSARS-CoV-2Antibody conversionSalivaChildrenSchoolsMedicineRENBMC Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
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SARS-CoV-2 Antibody conversion Saliva Children Schools Medicine R |
| spellingShingle |
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody conversion Saliva Children Schools Medicine R Carlota Dobaño Selena Alonso Mariona Fernández de Sevilla Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Gemma Pons Tomas Chenjerai Jairoce María Melé Casas Rocío Rubio María Hernández García Gemma Ruiz-Olalla Mònica Girona-Alarcón Diana Barrios Rebeca Santano Robert A. Mitchell Laura Puyol Leonie Mayer Jordi Chi Natalia Rodrigo Melero Carlo Carolis Aleix Garcia-Miquel Elisenda Bonet-Carne Joana Claverol Marta Cubells Claudia Fortuny Victoria Fumadó Cristina Jou Carmen Muñoz-Almagro Luis Izquierdo Quique Bassat Eduard Gratacós Ruth Aguilar Juan José García-García Gemma Moncunill Iolanda Jordan Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| description |
Abstract Background Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. Methods Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. Results Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. Conclusion Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Carlota Dobaño Selena Alonso Mariona Fernández de Sevilla Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Gemma Pons Tomas Chenjerai Jairoce María Melé Casas Rocío Rubio María Hernández García Gemma Ruiz-Olalla Mònica Girona-Alarcón Diana Barrios Rebeca Santano Robert A. Mitchell Laura Puyol Leonie Mayer Jordi Chi Natalia Rodrigo Melero Carlo Carolis Aleix Garcia-Miquel Elisenda Bonet-Carne Joana Claverol Marta Cubells Claudia Fortuny Victoria Fumadó Cristina Jou Carmen Muñoz-Almagro Luis Izquierdo Quique Bassat Eduard Gratacós Ruth Aguilar Juan José García-García Gemma Moncunill Iolanda Jordan |
| author_facet |
Carlota Dobaño Selena Alonso Mariona Fernández de Sevilla Marta Vidal Alfons Jiménez Gemma Pons Tomas Chenjerai Jairoce María Melé Casas Rocío Rubio María Hernández García Gemma Ruiz-Olalla Mònica Girona-Alarcón Diana Barrios Rebeca Santano Robert A. Mitchell Laura Puyol Leonie Mayer Jordi Chi Natalia Rodrigo Melero Carlo Carolis Aleix Garcia-Miquel Elisenda Bonet-Carne Joana Claverol Marta Cubells Claudia Fortuny Victoria Fumadó Cristina Jou Carmen Muñoz-Almagro Luis Izquierdo Quique Bassat Eduard Gratacós Ruth Aguilar Juan José García-García Gemma Moncunill Iolanda Jordan |
| author_sort |
Carlota Dobaño |
| title |
Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| title_short |
Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| title_full |
Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| title_fullStr |
Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain |
| title_sort |
antibody conversion rates to sars-cov-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in barcelona, spain |
| publisher |
BMC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/e99d80d099914b86b9e78696d8fc7d7b |
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