Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts

The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) on the growth performance, genital organs, serum hormones, biomarkers, and histopathological changes of female gilts and to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 in alleviating ZEN tox...

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Autores principales:	Junnan Zhang, Yunduo Zheng, Hui Tao, Jie Liu, Peng Zhao, Fan Yang, Zonghao Lv, Jinquan Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	zearalenone <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 reproduction gilts Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9dbe615a2b54ef6a7f948305cd1e0c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9dbe615a2b54ef6a7f948305cd1e0c62021-11-25T19:08:50ZEffects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts10.3390/toxins131107882072-6651https://doaj.org/article/e9dbe615a2b54ef6a7f948305cd1e0c62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/788https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) on the growth performance, genital organs, serum hormones, biomarkers, and histopathological changes of female gilts and to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 in alleviating ZEN toxicosis in gilts. Twenty-four female gilts were randomly allocated to four groups with six replicates per group and one gilt per replicate, fed on four feeds prepared previously, which were basic diet (control group, C group), ZEN diet (Z group), Zlb diet (Zlb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in liquid form, and Zdb diet (Zdb group) containing <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 in dehydrated form. The results showed that the vulva size and relative weight of reproductive organs had no significant difference in the control group, Zlb group, and Zdb group, but were significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); the relative weight of the liver was lower in the C group, Zlb group, and Zbd group than in the Z group (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.1). The concentration of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was lower, but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in the Z group, Zlb group, and Zdb group than in the Z group (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.1). Additionally, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration had no significant difference in the C group, Zlb group, and Zdb group but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); estradiol (E2) was significantly lower in the Zlb group and Zdb group than that in C group, but significantly higher than that in Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); PRL was significantly higher in the Zlb group and Zdb group than in the C group, but was significantly lower than in Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ZEN and its reduced metabolites were measured in biological samples after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. The concentration of serum ZEN and its metabolite, α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); urine ZEN and its metabolites, α-ZOL and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cell damages were observed in the liver, uterus, and ovary of gilts in the Z group and alleviated in Zlb and Zdb groups, but the loss of oocytes was irreversible in the ovary. The ZEN-contaminated diet caused serious changes in female hormones and brought harm to the livers and reproductive organs, but <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 could naturally remove the ZEN significantly, which ameliorated the reproductive impairment in gilts caused by ZEN. The addition of <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 to ZEN-contaminated feeds could ameliorate the toxic effects effectively, regardless of liquid or dry culture. Therefore, the <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 strain has great potential industrial applications.Junnan ZhangYunduo ZhengHui TaoJie LiuPeng ZhaoFan YangZonghao LvJinquan WangMDPI AGarticlezearalenone<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1reproductiongiltsMedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 788, p 788 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	zearalenone <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 reproduction gilts Medicine R
spellingShingle	zearalenone <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 reproduction gilts Medicine R Junnan Zhang Yunduo Zheng Hui Tao Jie Liu Peng Zhao Fan Yang Zonghao Lv Jinquan Wang Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
description	The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) on the growth performance, genital organs, serum hormones, biomarkers, and histopathological changes of female gilts and to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 in alleviating ZEN toxicosis in gilts. Twenty-four female gilts were randomly allocated to four groups with six replicates per group and one gilt per replicate, fed on four feeds prepared previously, which were basic diet (control group, C group), ZEN diet (Z group), Zlb diet (Zlb group) containing B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in liquid form, and Zdb diet (Zdb group) containing <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 in dehydrated form. The results showed that the vulva size and relative weight of reproductive organs had no significant difference in the control group, Zlb group, and Zdb group, but were significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); the relative weight of the liver was lower in the C group, Zlb group, and Zbd group than in the Z group (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.1). The concentration of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was lower, but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in the Z group, Zlb group, and Zdb group than in the Z group (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.1). Additionally, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration had no significant difference in the C group, Zlb group, and Zdb group but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); estradiol (E2) was significantly lower in the Zlb group and Zdb group than that in C group, but significantly higher than that in Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); PRL was significantly higher in the Zlb group and Zdb group than in the C group, but was significantly lower than in Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ZEN and its reduced metabolites were measured in biological samples after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. The concentration of serum ZEN and its metabolite, α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); urine ZEN and its metabolites, α-ZOL and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL), had no significant difference in Zlb, Zdb, and control groups but was significantly lower than in the Z group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cell damages were observed in the liver, uterus, and ovary of gilts in the Z group and alleviated in Zlb and Zdb groups, but the loss of oocytes was irreversible in the ovary. The ZEN-contaminated diet caused serious changes in female hormones and brought harm to the livers and reproductive organs, but <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 could naturally remove the ZEN significantly, which ameliorated the reproductive impairment in gilts caused by ZEN. The addition of <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 to ZEN-contaminated feeds could ameliorate the toxic effects effectively, regardless of liquid or dry culture. Therefore, the <i>B. subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 strain has great potential industrial applications.
format	article
author	Junnan Zhang Yunduo Zheng Hui Tao Jie Liu Peng Zhao Fan Yang Zonghao Lv Jinquan Wang
author_facet	Junnan Zhang Yunduo Zheng Hui Tao Jie Liu Peng Zhao Fan Yang Zonghao Lv Jinquan Wang
author_sort	Junnan Zhang
title	Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
title_short	Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
title_full	Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
title_fullStr	Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts
title_sort	effects of <i>bacillus subtilis</i> zj-2019-1 on zearalenone toxicosis in female gilts
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9dbe615a2b54ef6a7f948305cd1e0c6
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Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ZJ-2019-1 on Zearalenone Toxicosis in Female Gilts

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