Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature

Deepinder K Dhaliwal,1 Siwei Zhou,1 Sandeep S Samudre,2 Nathan J Lo,3 Michelle K Rhee41Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Eye Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Duke University H...

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Autores principales:	Dhaliwal DK, Zhou S, Samudre SS, Lo NJ, Rhee MK
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	acupuncture dry eye keratoconjunctivitis sicca sham acupuncture Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9dd8fb34289462889703f5cdf9b0995
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9dd8fb34289462889703f5cdf9b09952021-12-02T06:01:59ZAcupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/e9dd8fb34289462889703f5cdf9b09952019-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/acupuncture-and-dry-eye-current-perspectives-a-double-blinded-randomiz-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Deepinder K Dhaliwal,1 Siwei Zhou,1 Sandeep S Samudre,2 Nathan J Lo,3 Michelle K Rhee41Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Eye Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAPurpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and vision. Prior studies have shown some benefit of acupuncture for dry eye, but very few have included control group to mitigate placebo effect. This study was designed with a sham acupuncture control group to evaluate true acupuncture treatment effect.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-acupuncture-controlled trial. Acupuncture treatment for dry eye was performed as per the Niemtzow Protocol. Twenty-four patients received true acupuncture and twenty-five received sham acupuncture. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire, ocular surface staining, tear flow, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and a general questionnaire. Atmospheric data were collected to control for the effect of atmospheric conditions on symptoms of dry eye.Results: OSDI scores in the treatment group improved compared to baseline (1 week, p<0.01, 1 month p<0.05, 3 months p<0.05, and 6 months p<0.01). OSDI scores in the control group improved, but did not reach significance (p=0.09). Secondary outcome measures showed no significant improvement in TBUT, Schiermer’s Test, ocular surface grading, or artificial tear application. However, at 3 months, a significant reduction in the frequency of eye closing was observed among participants receiving true acupuncture treatment when compared to baseline (p=0.002). Furthermore, intragroup analysis showed significant reduction in symptoms of discomfort (p=0.01), dryness (p=0.001), scratchiness (p=0.001), and redness (p=0.01) in the true acupuncture group at 3 months.Conclusion: Both true and sham acupuncture improved OSDI at 1 week after treatment, however, the improvement in OSDI was significantly greater in the true treatment groups than the sham group at 6 months after acupuncture. True acupuncture treatment improved many subjective assessments of dry eye symptoms, however, other common indicators used to objectively assess dry eye (tear flow, corneal staining, TBUT) remained unchanged. While there were trends towards improvement in the sham acupuncture group, this did not reach statistical significant during the study period. This suggests a true treatment effect of acupuncture rather than a placebo effect. Acupuncture can, therefore, be an effective adjunct to routine clinical treatment of dry eye.Keywords: acupuncture, dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, sham acupunctureDhaliwal DKZhou SSamudre SSLo NJRhee MKDove Medical Pressarticleacupuncturedry eyekeratoconjunctivitis siccasham acupunctureOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 13, Pp 731-740 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acupuncture dry eye keratoconjunctivitis sicca sham acupuncture Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	acupuncture dry eye keratoconjunctivitis sicca sham acupuncture Ophthalmology RE1-994 Dhaliwal DK Zhou S Samudre SS Lo NJ Rhee MK Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
description	Deepinder K Dhaliwal,1 Siwei Zhou,1 Sandeep S Samudre,2 Nathan J Lo,3 Michelle K Rhee41Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Eye Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAPurpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and vision. Prior studies have shown some benefit of acupuncture for dry eye, but very few have included control group to mitigate placebo effect. This study was designed with a sham acupuncture control group to evaluate true acupuncture treatment effect.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-acupuncture-controlled trial. Acupuncture treatment for dry eye was performed as per the Niemtzow Protocol. Twenty-four patients received true acupuncture and twenty-five received sham acupuncture. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire, ocular surface staining, tear flow, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and a general questionnaire. Atmospheric data were collected to control for the effect of atmospheric conditions on symptoms of dry eye.Results: OSDI scores in the treatment group improved compared to baseline (1 week, p<0.01, 1 month p<0.05, 3 months p<0.05, and 6 months p<0.01). OSDI scores in the control group improved, but did not reach significance (p=0.09). Secondary outcome measures showed no significant improvement in TBUT, Schiermer’s Test, ocular surface grading, or artificial tear application. However, at 3 months, a significant reduction in the frequency of eye closing was observed among participants receiving true acupuncture treatment when compared to baseline (p=0.002). Furthermore, intragroup analysis showed significant reduction in symptoms of discomfort (p=0.01), dryness (p=0.001), scratchiness (p=0.001), and redness (p=0.01) in the true acupuncture group at 3 months.Conclusion: Both true and sham acupuncture improved OSDI at 1 week after treatment, however, the improvement in OSDI was significantly greater in the true treatment groups than the sham group at 6 months after acupuncture. True acupuncture treatment improved many subjective assessments of dry eye symptoms, however, other common indicators used to objectively assess dry eye (tear flow, corneal staining, TBUT) remained unchanged. While there were trends towards improvement in the sham acupuncture group, this did not reach statistical significant during the study period. This suggests a true treatment effect of acupuncture rather than a placebo effect. Acupuncture can, therefore, be an effective adjunct to routine clinical treatment of dry eye.Keywords: acupuncture, dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, sham acupuncture
format	article
author	Dhaliwal DK Zhou S Samudre SS Lo NJ Rhee MK
author_facet	Dhaliwal DK Zhou S Samudre SS Lo NJ Rhee MK
author_sort	Dhaliwal DK
title	Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
title_short	Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
title_full	Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
title_fullStr	Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed	Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
title_sort	acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. a double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9dd8fb34289462889703f5cdf9b0995
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Acupuncture and dry eye: current perspectives. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial and review of the literature

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