Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties

The chemical composition of extractives in the sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), knotwood (KW), and branchwood (BW of silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) was analyzed, and their antifungal and antioxidant properties were studied. In addition, the variability of extractives content in a cent...

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Autores principales:	Viljem Vek, Eli Keržič, Ida Poljanšek, Patrik Eklund, Miha Humar, Primož Oven
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Abies alba</i> knotwood chromatography lignans antioxidant properties antifungal properties Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9dee098dde24b48a16cdac936bef4ab
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9dee098dde24b48a16cdac936bef4ab2021-11-11T18:25:49ZWood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties10.3390/molecules262164121420-3049https://doaj.org/article/e9dee098dde24b48a16cdac936bef4ab2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6412https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The chemical composition of extractives in the sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), knotwood (KW), and branchwood (BW of silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) was analyzed, and their antifungal and antioxidant properties were studied. In addition, the variability of extractives content in a centripetal direction, i.e., from the periphery of the stem towards the pith, was investigated. The extracts were analyzed chemically with gravimetry, spectrophotometry, and chromatography. The antifungal and antioxidative properties of the extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Average amounts of hydrophilic extractives were higher in KW (up to 210.4 mg/g) and BW (148.6 mg/g) than in HW (34.1 mg/g) and SW (14.8 mg/g). Extractives identified included lignans (isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol) phenolic acids (homovanillic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid), and flavonoids epicatechin, taxifolin, quercetin). Secoisolariciresinol was confirmed to be the predominant compound in the KW (29.8 mg/g) and BW (37.6 mg/g) extracts. The largest amount of phenolic compounds was extracted from parts of knots (281.7 mg/g) embedded in the sapwood and from parts of branches (258.9 mg/g) adjacent to the stem. HW contained more lignans in its older sections. Hydrophilic extracts from knots and branches inhibited the growth of wood-decaying fungi and molds. KW and BW extracts were better free radical scavengers than HW extracts. The results of the biological activity tests suggest that the protective function of phenolic extracts in silver fir wood can also be explained by their antioxidative properties. The results of this study describe BW as a potential source of phenolic extractives in silver fir.Viljem VekEli KeržičIda PoljanšekPatrik EklundMiha HumarPrimož OvenMDPI AGarticle<i>Abies alba</i>knotwoodchromatographylignansantioxidant propertiesantifungal propertiesOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6412, p 6412 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Abies alba</i> knotwood chromatography lignans antioxidant properties antifungal properties Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	<i>Abies alba</i> knotwood chromatography lignans antioxidant properties antifungal properties Organic chemistry QD241-441 Viljem Vek Eli Keržič Ida Poljanšek Patrik Eklund Miha Humar Primož Oven Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
description	The chemical composition of extractives in the sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), knotwood (KW), and branchwood (BW of silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) was analyzed, and their antifungal and antioxidant properties were studied. In addition, the variability of extractives content in a centripetal direction, i.e., from the periphery of the stem towards the pith, was investigated. The extracts were analyzed chemically with gravimetry, spectrophotometry, and chromatography. The antifungal and antioxidative properties of the extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Average amounts of hydrophilic extractives were higher in KW (up to 210.4 mg/g) and BW (148.6 mg/g) than in HW (34.1 mg/g) and SW (14.8 mg/g). Extractives identified included lignans (isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol) phenolic acids (homovanillic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid), and flavonoids epicatechin, taxifolin, quercetin). Secoisolariciresinol was confirmed to be the predominant compound in the KW (29.8 mg/g) and BW (37.6 mg/g) extracts. The largest amount of phenolic compounds was extracted from parts of knots (281.7 mg/g) embedded in the sapwood and from parts of branches (258.9 mg/g) adjacent to the stem. HW contained more lignans in its older sections. Hydrophilic extracts from knots and branches inhibited the growth of wood-decaying fungi and molds. KW and BW extracts were better free radical scavengers than HW extracts. The results of the biological activity tests suggest that the protective function of phenolic extracts in silver fir wood can also be explained by their antioxidative properties. The results of this study describe BW as a potential source of phenolic extractives in silver fir.
format	article
author	Viljem Vek Eli Keržič Ida Poljanšek Patrik Eklund Miha Humar Primož Oven
author_facet	Viljem Vek Eli Keržič Ida Poljanšek Patrik Eklund Miha Humar Primož Oven
author_sort	Viljem Vek
title	Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
title_short	Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
title_full	Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
title_fullStr	Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
title_full_unstemmed	Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
title_sort	wood extractives of silver fir and their antioxidant and antifungal properties
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9dee098dde24b48a16cdac936bef4ab
work_keys_str_mv	AT viljemvek woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties AT elikerzic woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties AT idapoljansek woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties AT patrikeklund woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties AT mihahumar woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties AT primozoven woodextractivesofsilverfirandtheirantioxidantandantifungalproperties
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Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties

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