Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists

One of the most important skills for a pianist is sight-reading, which is the ability to read an unknown music score and play it. In recent years, research has analysed eye movement during sight-reading. However, the definition of sight-reading has varied. In addition, the participants enlisted as e...

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Autores principales:	Kyoko Imai-Matsumura, Megumi Mutou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Music M1-5000 Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9e24fa907c84c078835ecbf7334f158
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9e24fa907c84c078835ecbf7334f1582021-11-30T23:34:49ZGaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists2059-204310.1177/20592043211061106https://doaj.org/article/e9e24fa907c84c078835ecbf7334f1582021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211061106https://doaj.org/toc/2059-2043One of the most important skills for a pianist is sight-reading, which is the ability to read an unknown music score and play it. In recent years, research has analysed eye movement during sight-reading. However, the definition of sight-reading has varied. In addition, the participants enlisted as experts in most studies have been music college students. The present study aimed to compare eye movements during sight-reading between experts, teachers at a music college and pianists, and non-experts, music college students studying to become pianists, using an eye tracker. Using easy and difficult music scores for two-handed playing, we investigated whether there were differences in the number of eye fixations, fixation duration, and eye-hand span. The definition of sight-reading in this study is to read a novel music score once without playing the piano, and then to play it while looking at the music score. The results showed that the higher the piano performance rating, the longer the eye-hand span. Areas of interest (AOIs) were defined every two rows, including a treble and bass staff in each music score. We conducted a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (group × AOI) for each dependent variable to analyse fixation count and fixation duration per eye fixation. There was a significant interaction for the fixation count between groups and AOIs both without and with performance in the difficult score. In experts, the number of eye fixations on the difficult part of difficult score increased compared with other part both without and with performances. By contrast, there was a significant interaction for the duration per eye fixation between groups and AOIs in easy score with performance. The duration per eye fixation in experts was shorter than that in non-experts in the easy score with performance. These results suggest that experts get information through short gaze fixations.Kyoko Imai-MatsumuraMegumi MutouSAGE PublishingarticleMusicM1-5000PsychologyBF1-990ENMusic & Science, Vol 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Music M1-5000 Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	Music M1-5000 Psychology BF1-990 Kyoko Imai-Matsumura Megumi Mutou Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
description	One of the most important skills for a pianist is sight-reading, which is the ability to read an unknown music score and play it. In recent years, research has analysed eye movement during sight-reading. However, the definition of sight-reading has varied. In addition, the participants enlisted as experts in most studies have been music college students. The present study aimed to compare eye movements during sight-reading between experts, teachers at a music college and pianists, and non-experts, music college students studying to become pianists, using an eye tracker. Using easy and difficult music scores for two-handed playing, we investigated whether there were differences in the number of eye fixations, fixation duration, and eye-hand span. The definition of sight-reading in this study is to read a novel music score once without playing the piano, and then to play it while looking at the music score. The results showed that the higher the piano performance rating, the longer the eye-hand span. Areas of interest (AOIs) were defined every two rows, including a treble and bass staff in each music score. We conducted a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (group × AOI) for each dependent variable to analyse fixation count and fixation duration per eye fixation. There was a significant interaction for the fixation count between groups and AOIs both without and with performance in the difficult score. In experts, the number of eye fixations on the difficult part of difficult score increased compared with other part both without and with performances. By contrast, there was a significant interaction for the duration per eye fixation between groups and AOIs in easy score with performance. The duration per eye fixation in experts was shorter than that in non-experts in the easy score with performance. These results suggest that experts get information through short gaze fixations.
format	article
author	Kyoko Imai-Matsumura Megumi Mutou
author_facet	Kyoko Imai-Matsumura Megumi Mutou
author_sort	Kyoko Imai-Matsumura
title	Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
title_short	Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
title_full	Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
title_fullStr	Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
title_full_unstemmed	Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists
title_sort	gaze analysis of pianists’ sight-reading: comparison between expert pianists and students training to be pianists
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9e24fa907c84c078835ecbf7334f158
work_keys_str_mv	AT kyokoimaimatsumura gazeanalysisofpianistssightreadingcomparisonbetweenexpertpianistsandstudentstrainingtobepianists AT megumimutou gazeanalysisofpianistssightreadingcomparisonbetweenexpertpianistsandstudentstrainingtobepianists
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Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists

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