Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract Spexin (SPX), a neuropeptide evolutionarily conserved from fish to mammals, is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues and associated with various physiological functions. Recently SPX has been suggested to be involved in neurological mechanism of stress. The current study in...

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Autores principales:	Chor Hong Lim, Tomoko Soga, Berta Levavi-Sivan, Ishwar S. Parhar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9f6168d62e64d929d96e7251f5012c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9f6168d62e64d929d96e7251f5012c82021-12-02T14:49:34ZChronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)10.1038/s41598-020-64639-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e9f6168d62e64d929d96e7251f5012c82020-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64639-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Spexin (SPX), a neuropeptide evolutionarily conserved from fish to mammals, is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues and associated with various physiological functions. Recently SPX has been suggested to be involved in neurological mechanism of stress. The current study investigates the involvement of SPX in chronic social defeat stress, using male teleost, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an animal model due to its distinct social hierarchy of dominant and subordinate relationship. The tilapia genome has SPX1a and SPX1b but has no SPX2. In the Nile tilapia, we localized SPX1a and SPX1b in the brain using in-situ hybridization. Next, using qPCR we examined gene expression of SPX1a and SPX1b in chronically stress (socially defeated) fish. SPX1a expressing cells were localized in the semicircular torus of the midbrain region and SPX1b expressing cells in the telencephalon. Chronically stress fish showed elevated plasma cortisol levels; with an upregulation of SPX1a and SPX1b gene expression in the brain compared to non-stress (control) fish. Since social defeat is a source of stress, the upregulated SPX mRNA levels during social defeat suggests SPX as a potentially inhibitory neuropeptide capable of causing detrimental changes in behaviour and physiology.Chor Hong LimTomoko SogaBerta Levavi-SivanIshwar S. ParharNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chor Hong Lim Tomoko Soga Berta Levavi-Sivan Ishwar S. Parhar Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
description	Abstract Spexin (SPX), a neuropeptide evolutionarily conserved from fish to mammals, is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues and associated with various physiological functions. Recently SPX has been suggested to be involved in neurological mechanism of stress. The current study investigates the involvement of SPX in chronic social defeat stress, using male teleost, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an animal model due to its distinct social hierarchy of dominant and subordinate relationship. The tilapia genome has SPX1a and SPX1b but has no SPX2. In the Nile tilapia, we localized SPX1a and SPX1b in the brain using in-situ hybridization. Next, using qPCR we examined gene expression of SPX1a and SPX1b in chronically stress (socially defeated) fish. SPX1a expressing cells were localized in the semicircular torus of the midbrain region and SPX1b expressing cells in the telencephalon. Chronically stress fish showed elevated plasma cortisol levels; with an upregulation of SPX1a and SPX1b gene expression in the brain compared to non-stress (control) fish. Since social defeat is a source of stress, the upregulated SPX mRNA levels during social defeat suggests SPX as a potentially inhibitory neuropeptide capable of causing detrimental changes in behaviour and physiology.
format	article
author	Chor Hong Lim Tomoko Soga Berta Levavi-Sivan Ishwar S. Parhar
author_facet	Chor Hong Lim Tomoko Soga Berta Levavi-Sivan Ishwar S. Parhar
author_sort	Chor Hong Lim
title	Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_short	Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_full	Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_fullStr	Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_full_unstemmed	Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
title_sort	chronic social defeat stress up-regulates spexin in the brain of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9f6168d62e64d929d96e7251f5012c8
work_keys_str_mv	AT chorhonglim chronicsocialdefeatstressupregulatesspexininthebrainofniletilapiaoreochromisniloticus AT tomokosoga chronicsocialdefeatstressupregulatesspexininthebrainofniletilapiaoreochromisniloticus AT bertalevavisivan chronicsocialdefeatstressupregulatesspexininthebrainofniletilapiaoreochromisniloticus AT ishwarsparhar chronicsocialdefeatstressupregulatesspexininthebrainofniletilapiaoreochromisniloticus
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Chronic Social Defeat Stress Up-Regulates Spexin in the Brain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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