Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.

<h4>Background</h4>Fossil species that can be conclusively identified as stem-relatives of stick- and leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) are extremely rare, especially for the Mesozoic era. This dearth in the paleontological record makes assessments on the origin and age of the group problematic...

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Autores principales:	Maomin Wang, Olivier Béthoux, Sven Bradler, Frédéric M B Jacques, Yingying Cui, Dong Ren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e9f712824b1d4b07a34ffd79d278a1fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e9f712824b1d4b07a34ffd79d278a1fb2021-11-18T08:27:23ZUnder cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0091290https://doaj.org/article/e9f712824b1d4b07a34ffd79d278a1fb2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24646906/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Fossil species that can be conclusively identified as stem-relatives of stick- and leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) are extremely rare, especially for the Mesozoic era. This dearth in the paleontological record makes assessments on the origin and age of the group problematic and impedes investigations of evolutionary key aspects, such as wing development, sexual size dimorphism and plant mimicry.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A new fossil insect species, Cretophasmomima melanogramma Wang, Béthoux and Ren sp. nov., is described on the basis of one female and two male specimens recovered from the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, ca. 126±4 mya; Inner Mongolia, NE China; known as 'Jehol biota'). The occurrence of a female abdominal operculum and of a characteristic 'shoulder pad' in the forewing allows for the interpretation of a true stem-Phasmatodea. In contrast to the situation in extant forms, sexual size dimorphism is only weakly female-biased in this species. The peculiar wing coloration, viz. dark longitudinal veins, suggests that the leaf-shaped plant organ from the contemporaneous 'gymnosperm' Membranifolia admirabilis was used as model for crypsis.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>As early as in the Early Cretaceous, some stem-Phasmatodea achieved effective leaf mimicry, although additional refinements characteristic of recent forms, such as curved fore femora, were still lacking. The diversification of small-sized arboreal insectivore birds and mammals might have triggered the acquisition of such primary defenses.Maomin WangOlivier BéthouxSven BradlerFrédéric M B JacquesYingying CuiDong RenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e91290 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maomin Wang Olivier Béthoux Sven Bradler Frédéric M B Jacques Yingying Cui Dong Ren Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Fossil species that can be conclusively identified as stem-relatives of stick- and leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) are extremely rare, especially for the Mesozoic era. This dearth in the paleontological record makes assessments on the origin and age of the group problematic and impedes investigations of evolutionary key aspects, such as wing development, sexual size dimorphism and plant mimicry.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A new fossil insect species, Cretophasmomima melanogramma Wang, Béthoux and Ren sp. nov., is described on the basis of one female and two male specimens recovered from the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, ca. 126±4 mya; Inner Mongolia, NE China; known as 'Jehol biota'). The occurrence of a female abdominal operculum and of a characteristic 'shoulder pad' in the forewing allows for the interpretation of a true stem-Phasmatodea. In contrast to the situation in extant forms, sexual size dimorphism is only weakly female-biased in this species. The peculiar wing coloration, viz. dark longitudinal veins, suggests that the leaf-shaped plant organ from the contemporaneous 'gymnosperm' Membranifolia admirabilis was used as model for crypsis.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>As early as in the Early Cretaceous, some stem-Phasmatodea achieved effective leaf mimicry, although additional refinements characteristic of recent forms, such as curved fore femora, were still lacking. The diversification of small-sized arboreal insectivore birds and mammals might have triggered the acquisition of such primary defenses.
format	article
author	Maomin Wang Olivier Béthoux Sven Bradler Frédéric M B Jacques Yingying Cui Dong Ren
author_facet	Maomin Wang Olivier Béthoux Sven Bradler Frédéric M B Jacques Yingying Cui Dong Ren
author_sort	Maomin Wang
title	Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
title_short	Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
title_full	Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
title_fullStr	Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
title_full_unstemmed	Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.
title_sort	under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the early cretaceous jehol biota.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e9f712824b1d4b07a34ffd79d278a1fb
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Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: a cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota.

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