OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom<sup>®</sup>, a Bacterial Lysate, Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Binding Proteins on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
In clinical studies, OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom<sup>®</sup>, a bacterial lysate, reduced viral respiratory tract infection. Infection of epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 depends on the interaction of its spike-protein (S-protein) with host cell membrane proteins. In this study, we investigated th...
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/ea0888db1ae94693a4a8d7c730fccc81 |
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| Sumario: | In clinical studies, OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom<sup>®</sup>, a bacterial lysate, reduced viral respiratory tract infection. Infection of epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 depends on the interaction of its spike-protein (S-protein) with host cell membrane proteins. In this study, we investigated the effect of OM-85 on the expression of S-protein binding proteins by human bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with OM-85 over 5 days. The expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) were determined by Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Soluble (s)ACE2, heparan sulfate, heparanase, and hyaluronic acid were assessed by ELISA. OM-85 significantly reduced the expression of ACE2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), TMPRSS2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), DPP4 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), and cellular heparan sulfate (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while ADAM17 (<i>p</i> < 0.02) expression was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, OM-85 increased the level of sACE2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), hyaluronic acid (<i>p</i> < 0.002), and hyaluronan synthase 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Consequently, the infection by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudo-typed lentivirus was reduced in cells pretreated with OM-85. All effects of OM-85 were concentration- and time-dependent. The results suggest that OM-85 might reduce the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein to epithelial cells by modification of host cell membrane proteins and specific glycosaminoglycans. Thus, OM-85 might be considered as an add-on for COVID-19 therapy. |
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