Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing

Abstract A microwave resonator array is integrated with liquid metal to select an individual resonator response within a resonator array, enabling simple and accurate analysis for dielectric sensing. Galinstan, a liquid metal, acts as a multiplexer by inducing a capacitive load to the nearby resonat...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin D. Wiltshire, Md Abdur Rafi, Mohammad H. Zarifi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea08fe9597574abe9137e8460805a3e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea08fe9597574abe9137e8460805a3e22021-12-02T16:45:11ZMicrowave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing10.1038/s41598-021-88145-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ea08fe9597574abe9137e8460805a3e22021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88145-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A microwave resonator array is integrated with liquid metal to select an individual resonator response within a resonator array, enabling simple and accurate analysis for dielectric sensing. Galinstan, a liquid metal, acts as a multiplexer by inducing a capacitive load to the nearby resonator, lowering its resonant frequency, and thereby isolating its resonant response from other resonators in the array. The liquid metal could be positioned within a fluidic channel to be above any of the resonators, which tuned the resonant frequency from 3.9 to 3.3 GHz where it can be analyzed individually. The resonators showed a consistent response to liquid metal tuning, with tuning error measured below 30 MHz (5%). The sensor also exhibited stable sensitivity to test materials placed on the selected resonator, with a maximum resonant frequency shift of 300 MHz for a dielectric test material (ε = 10.2) and almost no variation in resonant amplitude. The selected resonant response was only sensitive to materials on the selected resonator, and was unaffected by test materials, even when placed on other resonators. The presented design enabled robust and accurate detection of materials using planar microwave resonators that can be controlled at a user’s convenience, specifically for use in systems where multiple parameters or system settings may need to be individually determined.Benjamin D. WiltshireMd Abdur RafiMohammad H. ZarifiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benjamin D. Wiltshire Md Abdur Rafi Mohammad H. Zarifi Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
description	Abstract A microwave resonator array is integrated with liquid metal to select an individual resonator response within a resonator array, enabling simple and accurate analysis for dielectric sensing. Galinstan, a liquid metal, acts as a multiplexer by inducing a capacitive load to the nearby resonator, lowering its resonant frequency, and thereby isolating its resonant response from other resonators in the array. The liquid metal could be positioned within a fluidic channel to be above any of the resonators, which tuned the resonant frequency from 3.9 to 3.3 GHz where it can be analyzed individually. The resonators showed a consistent response to liquid metal tuning, with tuning error measured below 30 MHz (5%). The sensor also exhibited stable sensitivity to test materials placed on the selected resonator, with a maximum resonant frequency shift of 300 MHz for a dielectric test material (ε = 10.2) and almost no variation in resonant amplitude. The selected resonant response was only sensitive to materials on the selected resonator, and was unaffected by test materials, even when placed on other resonators. The presented design enabled robust and accurate detection of materials using planar microwave resonators that can be controlled at a user’s convenience, specifically for use in systems where multiple parameters or system settings may need to be individually determined.
format	article
author	Benjamin D. Wiltshire Md Abdur Rafi Mohammad H. Zarifi
author_facet	Benjamin D. Wiltshire Md Abdur Rafi Mohammad H. Zarifi
author_sort	Benjamin D. Wiltshire
title	Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
title_short	Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
title_full	Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
title_fullStr	Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
title_full_unstemmed	Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
title_sort	microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea08fe9597574abe9137e8460805a3e2
work_keys_str_mv	AT benjamindwiltshire microwaveresonatorarraywithliquidmetalselectionfornarrowbandmaterialsensing AT mdabdurrafi microwaveresonatorarraywithliquidmetalselectionfornarrowbandmaterialsensing AT mohammadhzarifi microwaveresonatorarraywithliquidmetalselectionfornarrowbandmaterialsensing
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Microwave resonator array with liquid metal selection for narrow band material sensing

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