Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka

Platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold are a promising tool to assess the processes of mantle melting beneath the subduction zones. However, fractionation processes in magmas inevitably overwrite the initial metal budgets of magmas, making constraints on the melting processes inconclusive. Moreover,...

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Autores principales:	Anton Kutyrev, Michael Zelenski, Nikolai Nekrylov, Dmitry Savelyev, Alkiviadis Kontonikas-Charos, Vadim S. Kamenetsky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	basalt island arc and continental margin arc environment subduction platinum PGE gold Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea0e2a62c2a84750baa5d146994acb59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea0e2a62c2a84750baa5d146994acb592021-12-02T11:50:18ZNoble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.791465https://doaj.org/article/ea0e2a62c2a84750baa5d146994acb592021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.791465/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold are a promising tool to assess the processes of mantle melting beneath the subduction zones. However, fractionation processes in magmas inevitably overwrite the initial metal budgets of magmas, making constraints on the melting processes inconclusive. Moreover, little is still known about the geochemical behavior of a particular metal in a single arc magmatic system, from mantle melting towards magma solidification. Here we compare noble metals in lavas from several eruptions of the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka arc) to better understand the effects of magma differentiation, estimate primary melt compositions and make constraints on the mantle melting. We show that Ir, Ru, Rh and, to a lesser extent, Pt are compatible during magmatic differentiation. The pronounced incompatible behavior of Cu and Pd, observed in Tolbachik magmas, rules out the significant influence of sulfide melts on the early magmatic evolution in this particular case. Gold is also incompatible during magmatic differentiation; however, its systematics can be affected by the inferred gold recycling in the plumbing system of Tolbachik. Although the Tolbachik lavas show only slightly higher PGE fractionation than in MORB, a notable negative Ru anomaly (higher Pt/Ru and Ir/Ru) is observed. We attribute this to be a result of greater oxidation in the subarc mantle (by 1–4 log units), which promotes crystallization of Ru-bearing phases such as Fe3+-rich Cr-spinel and laurite. The estimated Pd contents for the parental melt of the Tolbachik lavas approaches 6.5 ppb. This is several times higher than reported MORB values (1.5 ± 0.5 ppb), suggesting the enrichment of Pd in the mantle wedge. Our results highlight the influence of the subduction-related processes and mantle wedge refertilization on the noble metal budgets of arc magmas.Anton KutyrevAnton KutyrevMichael ZelenskiNikolai NekrylovNikolai NekrylovDmitry SavelyevAlkiviadis Kontonikas-CharosVadim S. KamenetskyVadim S. KamenetskyFrontiers Media S.A.articlebasaltisland arc and continental margin arc environmentsubductionplatinumPGEgoldScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	basalt island arc and continental margin arc environment subduction platinum PGE gold Science Q
spellingShingle	basalt island arc and continental margin arc environment subduction platinum PGE gold Science Q Anton Kutyrev Anton Kutyrev Michael Zelenski Nikolai Nekrylov Nikolai Nekrylov Dmitry Savelyev Alkiviadis Kontonikas-Charos Vadim S. Kamenetsky Vadim S. Kamenetsky Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
description	Platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold are a promising tool to assess the processes of mantle melting beneath the subduction zones. However, fractionation processes in magmas inevitably overwrite the initial metal budgets of magmas, making constraints on the melting processes inconclusive. Moreover, little is still known about the geochemical behavior of a particular metal in a single arc magmatic system, from mantle melting towards magma solidification. Here we compare noble metals in lavas from several eruptions of the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka arc) to better understand the effects of magma differentiation, estimate primary melt compositions and make constraints on the mantle melting. We show that Ir, Ru, Rh and, to a lesser extent, Pt are compatible during magmatic differentiation. The pronounced incompatible behavior of Cu and Pd, observed in Tolbachik magmas, rules out the significant influence of sulfide melts on the early magmatic evolution in this particular case. Gold is also incompatible during magmatic differentiation; however, its systematics can be affected by the inferred gold recycling in the plumbing system of Tolbachik. Although the Tolbachik lavas show only slightly higher PGE fractionation than in MORB, a notable negative Ru anomaly (higher Pt/Ru and Ir/Ru) is observed. We attribute this to be a result of greater oxidation in the subarc mantle (by 1–4 log units), which promotes crystallization of Ru-bearing phases such as Fe3+-rich Cr-spinel and laurite. The estimated Pd contents for the parental melt of the Tolbachik lavas approaches 6.5 ppb. This is several times higher than reported MORB values (1.5 ± 0.5 ppb), suggesting the enrichment of Pd in the mantle wedge. Our results highlight the influence of the subduction-related processes and mantle wedge refertilization on the noble metal budgets of arc magmas.
format	article
author	Anton Kutyrev Anton Kutyrev Michael Zelenski Nikolai Nekrylov Nikolai Nekrylov Dmitry Savelyev Alkiviadis Kontonikas-Charos Vadim S. Kamenetsky Vadim S. Kamenetsky
author_facet	Anton Kutyrev Anton Kutyrev Michael Zelenski Nikolai Nekrylov Nikolai Nekrylov Dmitry Savelyev Alkiviadis Kontonikas-Charos Vadim S. Kamenetsky Vadim S. Kamenetsky
author_sort	Anton Kutyrev
title	Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
title_short	Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
title_full	Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
title_fullStr	Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
title_full_unstemmed	Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka
title_sort	noble metals in arc basaltic magmas worldwide: a case study of modern and pre-historic lavas of the tolbachik volcano, kamchatka
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea0e2a62c2a84750baa5d146994acb59
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Noble Metals in Arc Basaltic Magmas Worldwide: A Case Study of Modern and Pre-Historic Lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka

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