Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome

ABSTRACT Recent studies of mammalian microbiomes have identified strong phylogenetic effects on bacterial community composition. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most speciose mammals on the planet and the only mammal capable of true flight. We examined 1,236 16S rRNA amplicon libraries of...

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Autores principales:	Holly L. Lutz, Elliot W. Jackson, Paul W. Webala, Waswa S. Babyesiza, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Terrence C. Demos, Bruce D. Patterson, Jack A. Gilbert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	microbiome Chiroptera phylosymbiosis Afrotropics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea48b4a9bd774025acffbedec708ba9b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea48b4a9bd774025acffbedec708ba9b2021-12-02T18:15:44ZEcology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome10.1128/mSystems.00511-192379-5077https://doaj.org/article/ea48b4a9bd774025acffbedec708ba9b2019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00511-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Recent studies of mammalian microbiomes have identified strong phylogenetic effects on bacterial community composition. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most speciose mammals on the planet and the only mammal capable of true flight. We examined 1,236 16S rRNA amplicon libraries of the gut, oral, and skin microbiota from 497 Afrotropical bats (representing 9 families, 20 genera, and 31 species) to assess the extent to which host ecology and phylogeny predict microbial community similarity in bats. In contrast to recent studies of host-microbe associations in other mammals, we found no correlation between chiropteran phylogeny and bacterial community dissimilarity across the three anatomical sites sampled. For all anatomical sites, we found host species identity and geographic locality to be strong predictors of microbial community composition and observed a positive correlation between elevation and bacterial richness. Last, we identified significantly different bacterial associations within the gut microbiota of insectivorous and frugivorous bats. We conclude that the gut, oral, and skin microbiota of bats are shaped predominantly by ecological factors and do not exhibit the same degree of phylosymbiosis observed in other mammals. IMPORTANCE This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of bacterial symbionts from multiple anatomical sites across a broad taxonomic range of Afrotropical bats, demonstrating significant associations between the bat microbiome and anatomical site, geographic locality, and host identity—but not evolutionary history. This study provides a framework for future systems biology approaches to examine host-symbiont relationships across broad taxonomic scales, emphasizing the need to elucidate the interplay between host ecology and evolutionary history in shaping the microbiome of different anatomical sites.Holly L. LutzElliot W. JacksonPaul W. WebalaWaswa S. BabyesizaJulian C. Kerbis PeterhansTerrence C. DemosBruce D. PattersonJack A. GilbertAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlemicrobiomeChiropteraphylosymbiosisAfrotropicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 4, Iss 6 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microbiome Chiroptera phylosymbiosis Afrotropics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	microbiome Chiroptera phylosymbiosis Afrotropics Microbiology QR1-502 Holly L. Lutz Elliot W. Jackson Paul W. Webala Waswa S. Babyesiza Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans Terrence C. Demos Bruce D. Patterson Jack A. Gilbert Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
description	ABSTRACT Recent studies of mammalian microbiomes have identified strong phylogenetic effects on bacterial community composition. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most speciose mammals on the planet and the only mammal capable of true flight. We examined 1,236 16S rRNA amplicon libraries of the gut, oral, and skin microbiota from 497 Afrotropical bats (representing 9 families, 20 genera, and 31 species) to assess the extent to which host ecology and phylogeny predict microbial community similarity in bats. In contrast to recent studies of host-microbe associations in other mammals, we found no correlation between chiropteran phylogeny and bacterial community dissimilarity across the three anatomical sites sampled. For all anatomical sites, we found host species identity and geographic locality to be strong predictors of microbial community composition and observed a positive correlation between elevation and bacterial richness. Last, we identified significantly different bacterial associations within the gut microbiota of insectivorous and frugivorous bats. We conclude that the gut, oral, and skin microbiota of bats are shaped predominantly by ecological factors and do not exhibit the same degree of phylosymbiosis observed in other mammals. IMPORTANCE This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of bacterial symbionts from multiple anatomical sites across a broad taxonomic range of Afrotropical bats, demonstrating significant associations between the bat microbiome and anatomical site, geographic locality, and host identity—but not evolutionary history. This study provides a framework for future systems biology approaches to examine host-symbiont relationships across broad taxonomic scales, emphasizing the need to elucidate the interplay between host ecology and evolutionary history in shaping the microbiome of different anatomical sites.
format	article
author	Holly L. Lutz Elliot W. Jackson Paul W. Webala Waswa S. Babyesiza Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans Terrence C. Demos Bruce D. Patterson Jack A. Gilbert
author_facet	Holly L. Lutz Elliot W. Jackson Paul W. Webala Waswa S. Babyesiza Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans Terrence C. Demos Bruce D. Patterson Jack A. Gilbert
author_sort	Holly L. Lutz
title	Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
title_short	Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
title_full	Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
title_fullStr	Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed	Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome
title_sort	ecology and host identity outweigh evolutionary history in shaping the bat microbiome
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea48b4a9bd774025acffbedec708ba9b
work_keys_str_mv	AT hollyllutz ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT elliotwjackson ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT paulwwebala ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT waswasbabyesiza ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT julianckerbispeterhans ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT terrencecdemos ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT brucedpatterson ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome AT jackagilbert ecologyandhostidentityoutweighevolutionaryhistoryinshapingthebatmicrobiome
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Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome

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