Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater

Reliance on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as an indicator of wastewater quality has hindered the development of efficient process control due to the associated uncertainty and lag-times. Surrogate measurements have been proposed, with fluorescence spectroscopy a promising technique. Yet, assessme...

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Autores principales:	K. Khamis, C. Bradley, H. J. Gunter, G. Basevi, R. Stevens, D. M. Hannah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	final effluent high frequency monitoring humic-like fluorescence post primary settlement sensor calibration tryptophan-like fluorescence turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea6ea6b8f8144727a279740a060e1f36
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea6ea6b8f8144727a279740a060e1f362021-11-06T11:10:04ZCalibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.197https://doaj.org/article/ea6ea6b8f8144727a279740a060e1f362021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/83/12/3075https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732Reliance on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as an indicator of wastewater quality has hindered the development of efficient process control due to the associated uncertainty and lag-times. Surrogate measurements have been proposed, with fluorescence spectroscopy a promising technique. Yet, assessment of in-situ fluorescence sensors across multiple wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs), and at different treatment stages, is limited. In this study a multi-parameter sonde (two fluorescence peaks, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) was used to provide a BOD5 surrogate measurement. The sonde was deployed at three WwTPs, on post primary settlement tanks (PST) and final effluent (FE). Triplicate laboratory measurements of BOD5, from independent laboratories were used to calibrate the sensor, with high variability apparent for FE samples. Site and process specific sensor calibrations yielded the best results (R2cv = 0.76–0.86; 10-fold cross-validation) and mean BOD5 of the three laboratory measurements improved FE calibration. When combining PST sites a reasonable calibration was still achieved (R2cv = 0.67) suggesting transfer of sensors between WwTPs may be possible. This study highlights the potential to use online optical sensors as robust BOD5 surrogates in WwTPs. However, careful calibration (i.e. replicated BOD5 measurements) is required for FE as laboratory measurements can be associated with high uncertainty. HIGHLIGHTS A sensor calibration procedure for BOD5 measurement was assessed at three wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs).; Calibration for final effluent required replicated BOD5 sampling to reduce uncertainty.; Calibration for post settlement was robust and suggested sensor transfer between WwTPs is possible.; Robust calibration for in-situ BOD5 monitoring can improve process control and reduce pollution events.;K. KhamisC. BradleyH. J. GunterG. BaseviR. StevensD. M. HannahIWA Publishingarticlefinal effluenthigh frequency monitoringhumic-like fluorescencepost primary settlementsensor calibrationtryptophan-like fluorescenceturbidityEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 83, Iss 12, Pp 3075-3091 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	final effluent high frequency monitoring humic-like fluorescence post primary settlement sensor calibration tryptophan-like fluorescence turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	final effluent high frequency monitoring humic-like fluorescence post primary settlement sensor calibration tryptophan-like fluorescence turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 K. Khamis C. Bradley H. J. Gunter G. Basevi R. Stevens D. M. Hannah Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
description	Reliance on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as an indicator of wastewater quality has hindered the development of efficient process control due to the associated uncertainty and lag-times. Surrogate measurements have been proposed, with fluorescence spectroscopy a promising technique. Yet, assessment of in-situ fluorescence sensors across multiple wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs), and at different treatment stages, is limited. In this study a multi-parameter sonde (two fluorescence peaks, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) was used to provide a BOD5 surrogate measurement. The sonde was deployed at three WwTPs, on post primary settlement tanks (PST) and final effluent (FE). Triplicate laboratory measurements of BOD5, from independent laboratories were used to calibrate the sensor, with high variability apparent for FE samples. Site and process specific sensor calibrations yielded the best results (R2cv = 0.76–0.86; 10-fold cross-validation) and mean BOD5 of the three laboratory measurements improved FE calibration. When combining PST sites a reasonable calibration was still achieved (R2cv = 0.67) suggesting transfer of sensors between WwTPs may be possible. This study highlights the potential to use online optical sensors as robust BOD5 surrogates in WwTPs. However, careful calibration (i.e. replicated BOD5 measurements) is required for FE as laboratory measurements can be associated with high uncertainty. HIGHLIGHTS A sensor calibration procedure for BOD5 measurement was assessed at three wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs).; Calibration for final effluent required replicated BOD5 sampling to reduce uncertainty.; Calibration for post settlement was robust and suggested sensor transfer between WwTPs is possible.; Robust calibration for in-situ BOD5 monitoring can improve process control and reduce pollution events.;
format	article
author	K. Khamis C. Bradley H. J. Gunter G. Basevi R. Stevens D. M. Hannah
author_facet	K. Khamis C. Bradley H. J. Gunter G. Basevi R. Stevens D. M. Hannah
author_sort	K. Khamis
title	Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
title_short	Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
title_full	Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
title_fullStr	Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
title_full_unstemmed	Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater
title_sort	calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable bod5 measurement in wastewater
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea6ea6b8f8144727a279740a060e1f36
work_keys_str_mv	AT kkhamis calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater AT cbradley calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater AT hjgunter calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater AT gbasevi calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater AT rstevens calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater AT dmhannah calibrationofaninsitufluorescencebasedsensorplatformforreliablebod5measurementinwastewater
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Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD5 measurement in wastewater

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