Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex

Abstract Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique consisting in the application of weak electric currents on the scalp. Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical value of tDCS for modulating sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, t...

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Autores principales:	Carlos A. Sánchez-León, Isabel Cordones, Claudia Ammann, José M. Ausín, María A. Gómez-Climent, Alejandro Carretero-Guillén, Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos, Agnès Gruart, José M. Delgado-García, Guy Cheron, Javier F. Medina, Javier Márquez-Ruiz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea71ea2357f94b8db9052116252c32ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea71ea2357f94b8db9052116252c32ae2021-12-02T14:06:31ZImmediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex10.1038/s41598-021-82364-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ea71ea2357f94b8db9052116252c32ae2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82364-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique consisting in the application of weak electric currents on the scalp. Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical value of tDCS for modulating sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, there are still huge gaps in the knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms. To define the immediate impact as well as the after effects of tDCS on sensory processing, we first performed electrophysiological recordings in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of alert mice during and after administration of S1-tDCS, and followed up with immunohistochemical analysis of the stimulated brain regions. During the application of cathodal and anodal transcranial currents we observed polarity-specific bidirectional changes in the N1 component of the sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and associated gamma oscillations. On the other hand, 20 min of cathodal stimulation produced significant after-effects including a decreased SEP amplitude for up to 30 min, a power reduction in the 20–80 Hz range and a decrease in gamma event related synchronization (ERS). In contrast, no significant changes in SEP amplitude or power analysis were observed after anodal stimulation except for a significant increase in gamma ERS after tDCS cessation. The polarity-specific differences of these after effects were corroborated by immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed an unbalance of GAD 65–67 immunoreactivity between the stimulated versus non-stimulated S1 region only after cathodal tDCS. These results highlight the differences between immediate and after effects of tDCS, as well as the asymmetric after effects induced by anodal and cathodal stimulation.Carlos A. Sánchez-LeónIsabel CordonesClaudia AmmannJosé M. AusínMaría A. Gómez-ClimentAlejandro Carretero-GuillénGuillermo Sánchez-Garrido CamposAgnès GruartJosé M. Delgado-GarcíaGuy CheronJavier F. MedinaJavier Márquez-RuizNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carlos A. Sánchez-León Isabel Cordones Claudia Ammann José M. Ausín María A. Gómez-Climent Alejandro Carretero-Guillén Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos Agnès Gruart José M. Delgado-García Guy Cheron Javier F. Medina Javier Márquez-Ruiz Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
description	Abstract Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique consisting in the application of weak electric currents on the scalp. Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical value of tDCS for modulating sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, there are still huge gaps in the knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms. To define the immediate impact as well as the after effects of tDCS on sensory processing, we first performed electrophysiological recordings in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of alert mice during and after administration of S1-tDCS, and followed up with immunohistochemical analysis of the stimulated brain regions. During the application of cathodal and anodal transcranial currents we observed polarity-specific bidirectional changes in the N1 component of the sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and associated gamma oscillations. On the other hand, 20 min of cathodal stimulation produced significant after-effects including a decreased SEP amplitude for up to 30 min, a power reduction in the 20–80 Hz range and a decrease in gamma event related synchronization (ERS). In contrast, no significant changes in SEP amplitude or power analysis were observed after anodal stimulation except for a significant increase in gamma ERS after tDCS cessation. The polarity-specific differences of these after effects were corroborated by immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed an unbalance of GAD 65–67 immunoreactivity between the stimulated versus non-stimulated S1 region only after cathodal tDCS. These results highlight the differences between immediate and after effects of tDCS, as well as the asymmetric after effects induced by anodal and cathodal stimulation.
format	article
author	Carlos A. Sánchez-León Isabel Cordones Claudia Ammann José M. Ausín María A. Gómez-Climent Alejandro Carretero-Guillén Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos Agnès Gruart José M. Delgado-García Guy Cheron Javier F. Medina Javier Márquez-Ruiz
author_facet	Carlos A. Sánchez-León Isabel Cordones Claudia Ammann José M. Ausín María A. Gómez-Climent Alejandro Carretero-Guillén Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos Agnès Gruart José M. Delgado-García Guy Cheron Javier F. Medina Javier Márquez-Ruiz
author_sort	Carlos A. Sánchez-León
title	Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
title_short	Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
title_full	Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
title_fullStr	Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
title_full_unstemmed	Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
title_sort	immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea71ea2357f94b8db9052116252c32ae
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Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex

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