Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.

<h4>Background</h4>Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is inversely related to obesity and positively related to energy expenditure. BAT is highly innervated and it is suggested the vagus nerve mediates peripheral signals to the central nervous system, there connecting to sympathet...

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Autores principales:	Guy H E J Vijgen, Nicole D Bouvy, Loes Leenen, Kim Rijkers, Erwin Cornips, Marian Majoie, Boudewijn Brans, Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ea8d3b9fba694099ab9a6d98b62924c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ea8d3b9fba694099ab9a6d98b62924c02021-11-18T08:49:49ZVagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0077221https://doaj.org/article/ea8d3b9fba694099ab9a6d98b62924c02013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24194874/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is inversely related to obesity and positively related to energy expenditure. BAT is highly innervated and it is suggested the vagus nerve mediates peripheral signals to the central nervous system, there connecting to sympathetic nerves that innervate BAT. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for refractory epilepsy, but is also reported to generate weight loss. We hypothesize VNS increases energy expenditure by activating BAT.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Fifteen patients with stable vns therapy (age: 45 ± 10 yrs; body mass index; 25.2 ± 3.5 kg/m(2)) were included between January 2011 and June 2012. Ten subjects were measured twice, once with active and once with inactivated VNS. Five other subjects were measured twice, once with active VNS at room temperature and once with active VNS under cold exposure in order to determine maximal cold-induced BAT activity. BAT activity was assessed by 18-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose-Positron-Emission-Tomography-and-Computed-Tomography. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was significantly higher when VNS was turned on (mean change; +2.2%). Mean BAT activity was not significantly different between active VNS and inactive VNS (BAT SUV(Mean); 0.55 ± 0.25 versus 0.67 ± 0.46, P = 0.619). However, the change in energy expenditure upon VNS intervention (On-Off) was significantly correlated to the change in BAT activity (r = 0.935, P<0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>VNS significantly increases energy expenditure. The observed change in energy expenditure was significantly related to the change in BAT activity. This suggests a role for BAT in the VNS increase in energy expenditure. Chronic VNS may have a beneficial effect on the human energy balance that has potential application for weight management therapy.<h4>Trial registration</h4>The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Register under the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01491282.Guy H E J VijgenNicole D BouvyLoes LeenenKim RijkersErwin CornipsMarian MajoieBoudewijn BransWouter D van Marken LichtenbeltPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e77221 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guy H E J Vijgen Nicole D Bouvy Loes Leenen Kim Rijkers Erwin Cornips Marian Majoie Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is inversely related to obesity and positively related to energy expenditure. BAT is highly innervated and it is suggested the vagus nerve mediates peripheral signals to the central nervous system, there connecting to sympathetic nerves that innervate BAT. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for refractory epilepsy, but is also reported to generate weight loss. We hypothesize VNS increases energy expenditure by activating BAT.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Fifteen patients with stable vns therapy (age: 45 ± 10 yrs; body mass index; 25.2 ± 3.5 kg/m(2)) were included between January 2011 and June 2012. Ten subjects were measured twice, once with active and once with inactivated VNS. Five other subjects were measured twice, once with active VNS at room temperature and once with active VNS under cold exposure in order to determine maximal cold-induced BAT activity. BAT activity was assessed by 18-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose-Positron-Emission-Tomography-and-Computed-Tomography. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was significantly higher when VNS was turned on (mean change; +2.2%). Mean BAT activity was not significantly different between active VNS and inactive VNS (BAT SUV(Mean); 0.55 ± 0.25 versus 0.67 ± 0.46, P = 0.619). However, the change in energy expenditure upon VNS intervention (On-Off) was significantly correlated to the change in BAT activity (r = 0.935, P<0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>VNS significantly increases energy expenditure. The observed change in energy expenditure was significantly related to the change in BAT activity. This suggests a role for BAT in the VNS increase in energy expenditure. Chronic VNS may have a beneficial effect on the human energy balance that has potential application for weight management therapy.<h4>Trial registration</h4>The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Register under the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01491282.
format	article
author	Guy H E J Vijgen Nicole D Bouvy Loes Leenen Kim Rijkers Erwin Cornips Marian Majoie Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
author_facet	Guy H E J Vijgen Nicole D Bouvy Loes Leenen Kim Rijkers Erwin Cornips Marian Majoie Boudewijn Brans Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
author_sort	Guy H E J Vijgen
title	Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
title_short	Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
title_full	Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
title_fullStr	Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
title_full_unstemmed	Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
title_sort	vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/ea8d3b9fba694099ab9a6d98b62924c0
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Vagus nerve stimulation increases energy expenditure: relation to brown adipose tissue activity.

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