Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation

This review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms of gene expression and epigenetic clocks characterized by the specific profile of DNA methylation in CpG-islands which mirror the senescence of all somatic cells and stem cells in particular. Basic mechanis...

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Autores principales:	Ekaterina M. Samoilova, Vladimir V. Belopasov, Evgenia V. Ekusheva, Chao Zhang, Alexander V. Troitskiy, Vladimir P. Baklaushev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	circadian clock epigenetic clock aging senescence reprogramming methylome Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaa09c7385514728baf4d6115612e090
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaa09c7385514728baf4d6115612e0902021-11-25T18:06:44ZEpigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation10.3390/jpm111110502075-4426https://doaj.org/article/eaa09c7385514728baf4d6115612e0902021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1050https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4426This review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms of gene expression and epigenetic clocks characterized by the specific profile of DNA methylation in CpG-islands which mirror the senescence of all somatic cells and stem cells in particular. Basic mechanisms of regulation for circadian genes CLOCK-BMAL1 as well as downstream clock-controlled genes (ССG) are also discussed here. It has been shown that circadian rhythms operate by the finely tuned regulation of transcription and rely on various epigenetic mechanisms including the activation of enhancers/suppressors, acetylation/deacetylation of histones and other proteins as well as DNA methylation. Overall, up to 20% of all genes expressed by the cell are subject to expression oscillations associated with circadian rhythms. Additionally included in the review is a brief list of genes involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, along with genes important for cell aging, and oncogenesis. Eliminating some of them (for example, <i>Sirt1</i>) accelerates the aging process, while the overexpression of <i>Sirt1</i>, on the contrary, protects against age-related changes. Circadian regulators control a number of genes that activate the cell cycle (<i>Wee1</i>, <i>c-Myc</i>, <i>p20</i>, <i>p21</i>, and <i>Cyclin D1</i>) and regulate histone modification and DNA methylation. Approaches for determining the epigenetic age from methylation profiles across CpG islands in individual cells are described. DNA methylation, which characterizes the function of the epigenetic clock, appears to link together such key biological processes as regeneration and functioning of stem cells, aging and malignant transformation. Finally, the main features of adult stem cell aging in stem cell niches and current possibilities for modulating the epigenetic clock and stem cells rejuvenation as part of antiaging therapy are discussed.Ekaterina M. SamoilovaVladimir V. BelopasovEvgenia V. EkushevaChao ZhangAlexander V. TroitskiyVladimir P. BaklaushevMDPI AGarticlecircadian clockepigenetic clockagingsenescencereprogrammingmethylomeMedicineRENJournal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1050, p 1050 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	circadian clock epigenetic clock aging senescence reprogramming methylome Medicine R
spellingShingle	circadian clock epigenetic clock aging senescence reprogramming methylome Medicine R Ekaterina M. Samoilova Vladimir V. Belopasov Evgenia V. Ekusheva Chao Zhang Alexander V. Troitskiy Vladimir P. Baklaushev Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
description	This review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms of gene expression and epigenetic clocks characterized by the specific profile of DNA methylation in CpG-islands which mirror the senescence of all somatic cells and stem cells in particular. Basic mechanisms of regulation for circadian genes CLOCK-BMAL1 as well as downstream clock-controlled genes (ССG) are also discussed here. It has been shown that circadian rhythms operate by the finely tuned regulation of transcription and rely on various epigenetic mechanisms including the activation of enhancers/suppressors, acetylation/deacetylation of histones and other proteins as well as DNA methylation. Overall, up to 20% of all genes expressed by the cell are subject to expression oscillations associated with circadian rhythms. Additionally included in the review is a brief list of genes involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, along with genes important for cell aging, and oncogenesis. Eliminating some of them (for example, <i>Sirt1</i>) accelerates the aging process, while the overexpression of <i>Sirt1</i>, on the contrary, protects against age-related changes. Circadian regulators control a number of genes that activate the cell cycle (<i>Wee1</i>, <i>c-Myc</i>, <i>p20</i>, <i>p21</i>, and <i>Cyclin D1</i>) and regulate histone modification and DNA methylation. Approaches for determining the epigenetic age from methylation profiles across CpG islands in individual cells are described. DNA methylation, which characterizes the function of the epigenetic clock, appears to link together such key biological processes as regeneration and functioning of stem cells, aging and malignant transformation. Finally, the main features of adult stem cell aging in stem cell niches and current possibilities for modulating the epigenetic clock and stem cells rejuvenation as part of antiaging therapy are discussed.
format	article
author	Ekaterina M. Samoilova Vladimir V. Belopasov Evgenia V. Ekusheva Chao Zhang Alexander V. Troitskiy Vladimir P. Baklaushev
author_facet	Ekaterina M. Samoilova Vladimir V. Belopasov Evgenia V. Ekusheva Chao Zhang Alexander V. Troitskiy Vladimir P. Baklaushev
author_sort	Ekaterina M. Samoilova
title	Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
title_short	Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
title_full	Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
title_fullStr	Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
title_full_unstemmed	Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation
title_sort	epigenetic clock and circadian rhythms in stem cell aging and rejuvenation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaa09c7385514728baf4d6115612e090
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Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation

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