The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis

The concept of ego has various meanings in the field of psychology, depending on the paradigmatic and theoretical framework point of departure. The ego phenomenon as operationalized and measured in the theoretical framework of goal orientation will be the contextual framework for a historical concep...

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Autores principales:	Barend J. M. Steyn, Kim Nolte
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	ego phenomenon outcome orientation fixed mindset social comparison doping Sports GV557-1198.995
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaa2138059cd4bd8948958ecbfc24185
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaa2138059cd4bd8948958ecbfc241852021-11-10T06:45:56ZThe Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis2624-936710.3389/fspor.2021.728506https://doaj.org/article/eaa2138059cd4bd8948958ecbfc241852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.728506/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2624-9367The concept of ego has various meanings in the field of psychology, depending on the paradigmatic and theoretical framework point of departure. The ego phenomenon as operationalized and measured in the theoretical framework of goal orientation will be the contextual framework for a historical conceptual analysis. In the past three decades, research in the theoretical framework of goal orientation has revealed a positive relationship between ego involvement and the tendency to use the prohibited substances to enhance performance in sport. The concept of the ego phenomenon as operationalized within goal orientation theory and meanings attached to the concept can be connected to the historic oriental writings that were written ~2,500 years ago. These attached meanings to the ego phenomenon include elements of extreme competitiveness and outcome orientation, as well as social comparisons and the external norms for the measurement of success and failure. These meanings can be traced back to the classical works involving the Bhagavad Gita, the Tao Te Ching, and the Eastern Origins of Mindfulness that are part of the broader Buddhist philosophical system. Meister Eckhart, a 12th century German theologian, in his significant contribution on the analysis of the having mode as opposed to the being mode also provides insight into the ego phenomenon that can explain why the ego phenomenon can be linked to some of the deeper psychological motives of using the prohibited substances. The researchers in psychology do not yet have a full understanding of why certain athletes dope or have a susceptibility to use the prohibited substances or performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and thus the motivation for this historical conceptual analysis of the ego phenomenon. Therefore, this article aimed to deepen the understanding of psychological motives of the athletes who exhibit tendencies toward cheating in general and the proclivity to use the prohibited substances.Barend J. M. SteynKim NolteFrontiers Media S.A.articleego phenomenonoutcome orientationfixed mindsetsocial comparisondopingSportsGV557-1198.995ENFrontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ego phenomenon outcome orientation fixed mindset social comparison doping Sports GV557-1198.995
spellingShingle	ego phenomenon outcome orientation fixed mindset social comparison doping Sports GV557-1198.995 Barend J. M. Steyn Kim Nolte The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
description	The concept of ego has various meanings in the field of psychology, depending on the paradigmatic and theoretical framework point of departure. The ego phenomenon as operationalized and measured in the theoretical framework of goal orientation will be the contextual framework for a historical conceptual analysis. In the past three decades, research in the theoretical framework of goal orientation has revealed a positive relationship between ego involvement and the tendency to use the prohibited substances to enhance performance in sport. The concept of the ego phenomenon as operationalized within goal orientation theory and meanings attached to the concept can be connected to the historic oriental writings that were written ~2,500 years ago. These attached meanings to the ego phenomenon include elements of extreme competitiveness and outcome orientation, as well as social comparisons and the external norms for the measurement of success and failure. These meanings can be traced back to the classical works involving the Bhagavad Gita, the Tao Te Ching, and the Eastern Origins of Mindfulness that are part of the broader Buddhist philosophical system. Meister Eckhart, a 12th century German theologian, in his significant contribution on the analysis of the having mode as opposed to the being mode also provides insight into the ego phenomenon that can explain why the ego phenomenon can be linked to some of the deeper psychological motives of using the prohibited substances. The researchers in psychology do not yet have a full understanding of why certain athletes dope or have a susceptibility to use the prohibited substances or performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and thus the motivation for this historical conceptual analysis of the ego phenomenon. Therefore, this article aimed to deepen the understanding of psychological motives of the athletes who exhibit tendencies toward cheating in general and the proclivity to use the prohibited substances.
format	article
author	Barend J. M. Steyn Kim Nolte
author_facet	Barend J. M. Steyn Kim Nolte
author_sort	Barend J. M. Steyn
title	The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
title_short	The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
title_full	The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
title_fullStr	The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis
title_sort	ego phenomenon and the doping problem in sport: a historical conceptual analysis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaa2138059cd4bd8948958ecbfc24185
work_keys_str_mv	AT barendjmsteyn theegophenomenonandthedopingprobleminsportahistoricalconceptualanalysis AT kimnolte theegophenomenonandthedopingprobleminsportahistoricalconceptualanalysis AT barendjmsteyn egophenomenonandthedopingprobleminsportahistoricalconceptualanalysis AT kimnolte egophenomenonandthedopingprobleminsportahistoricalconceptualanalysis
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The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis

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