Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers

Xiuli Dong,1 Ambrose E Bond,1 Nengyu Pan,2 Montrez Coleman,2 Yongan Tang,3 Ya-Ping Sun,2 Liju Yang1 1Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Eme...

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Autores principales:	Dong X, Bond AE, Pan N, Coleman M, Tang Y, Sun YP, Yang L
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	carbon quantum dots photosensitizer methylene blue toluidine blue reactive oxygen species synergistic antimicrobial effect Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaa21a6a6974457ea7c50e3da562f363
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaa21a6a6974457ea7c50e3da562f3632021-12-02T09:50:43ZSynergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/eaa21a6a6974457ea7c50e3da562f3632018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/synergistic-photoactivated-antimicrobial-effects-of-carbon-dots-combin-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Xiuli Dong,1 Ambrose E Bond,1 Nengyu Pan,2 Montrez Coleman,2 Yongan Tang,3 Ya-Ping Sun,2 Liju Yang1 1Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; 3Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA Background: Carbon quantum dots (CDots) have recently been reported as a new class of visible light activated antimicrobial nanomaterials. This study reports the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial interactions of CDots with photosensitizers on bacterial cells. Methods: The antimicrobial effects of the CDots with surface passivation molecules 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) in combination with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) or toluidine blue (TB) at various concentrations were evaluated against Escherichia coli cells with and without 1-hour visible light illumination. The broth microdilution checkerboard method and isobologram analysis were used for determining if synergistic effect existed between CDots and MB or TB.Results: The results showed that CDots alone at a concentration of 5 µg/mL did not display antimicrobial effects, 1 µg/mL MB alone only decreased 1.86 log of viable cell numbers, but the combination treatment with 5 µg/mL CDots combined with 1 µg/mL MB completely inhibited bacteria growth, resulted in 6.2 log viable cell number reduction, suggesting synergistic interaction between the two. The antimicrobial effects of CDots/TB combination exhibited similarly synergistic effects on E. coli cells. These synergistic effects between CDots and MB or TB were further confirmed using the checkerboard microdilution methods, where the fractional inhibitory concentration index value (0.5) and the isobologram analyses. The synergistic interactions were also correlated to the increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in E. coli cells upon the combination treatments of CDots/MB or CDots/TB. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of CDots in combination with other photosensitizers. Such synergistic effect may open new strategies for developing highly effective antimicrobial methods. Keywords: carbon quantum dots, photosensitizer, methylene blue, toluidine blue, reactive oxygen species, synergistic antimicrobial effectDong XBond AEPan NColeman MTang YSun YPYang LDove Medical Pressarticlecarbon quantum dotsphotosensitizermethylene bluetoluidine bluereactive oxygen speciessynergistic antimicrobial effectMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 8025-8035 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbon quantum dots photosensitizer methylene blue toluidine blue reactive oxygen species synergistic antimicrobial effect Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	carbon quantum dots photosensitizer methylene blue toluidine blue reactive oxygen species synergistic antimicrobial effect Medicine (General) R5-920 Dong X Bond AE Pan N Coleman M Tang Y Sun YP Yang L Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
description	Xiuli Dong,1 Ambrose E Bond,1 Nengyu Pan,2 Montrez Coleman,2 Yongan Tang,3 Ya-Ping Sun,2 Liju Yang1 1Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA; 2Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; 3Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA Background: Carbon quantum dots (CDots) have recently been reported as a new class of visible light activated antimicrobial nanomaterials. This study reports the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial interactions of CDots with photosensitizers on bacterial cells. Methods: The antimicrobial effects of the CDots with surface passivation molecules 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) in combination with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) or toluidine blue (TB) at various concentrations were evaluated against Escherichia coli cells with and without 1-hour visible light illumination. The broth microdilution checkerboard method and isobologram analysis were used for determining if synergistic effect existed between CDots and MB or TB.Results: The results showed that CDots alone at a concentration of 5 µg/mL did not display antimicrobial effects, 1 µg/mL MB alone only decreased 1.86 log of viable cell numbers, but the combination treatment with 5 µg/mL CDots combined with 1 µg/mL MB completely inhibited bacteria growth, resulted in 6.2 log viable cell number reduction, suggesting synergistic interaction between the two. The antimicrobial effects of CDots/TB combination exhibited similarly synergistic effects on E. coli cells. These synergistic effects between CDots and MB or TB were further confirmed using the checkerboard microdilution methods, where the fractional inhibitory concentration index value (0.5) and the isobologram analyses. The synergistic interactions were also correlated to the increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in E. coli cells upon the combination treatments of CDots/MB or CDots/TB. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of CDots in combination with other photosensitizers. Such synergistic effect may open new strategies for developing highly effective antimicrobial methods. Keywords: carbon quantum dots, photosensitizer, methylene blue, toluidine blue, reactive oxygen species, synergistic antimicrobial effect
format	article
author	Dong X Bond AE Pan N Coleman M Tang Y Sun YP Yang L
author_facet	Dong X Bond AE Pan N Coleman M Tang Y Sun YP Yang L
author_sort	Dong X
title	Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
title_short	Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
title_full	Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
title_fullStr	Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
title_full_unstemmed	Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
title_sort	synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaa21a6a6974457ea7c50e3da562f363
work_keys_str_mv	AT dongx synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT bondae synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT pann synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT colemanm synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT tangy synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT sunyp synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers AT yangl synergisticphotoactivatedantimicrobialeffectsofcarbondotscombinedwithdyephotosensitizers
_version_	1718398038995632128

Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers

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