An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model

The unprecedented nationwide lockdown due to the ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19) affected humans and the environment in different ways. It provided an opportunity to examine the effect of reduced transportation and other anthropogenic activities on the environment. In the current study, the im...

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Autores principales:	Vivek Seelanki, Vimlesh Pant
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 lockdown chlorophyll ocean temperature primary productivity Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaa8d39b8b4246efa285b952d8f85b00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaa8d39b8b4246efa285b952d8f85b002021-12-02T11:44:12ZAn Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.722401https://doaj.org/article/eaa8d39b8b4246efa285b952d8f85b002021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.722401/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745The unprecedented nationwide lockdown due to the ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19) affected humans and the environment in different ways. It provided an opportunity to examine the effect of reduced transportation and other anthropogenic activities on the environment. In the current study, the impact of lockdown on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, an index of primary productivity, over the northern Indian Ocean (IO), is investigated using the observations and a physical-biogeochemical model. The statistics of model validation against observations shows a correlation coefficient of 0.85 (0.89), index of agreement as 0.90 (0.91). Root mean square error of 0.45°C (0.50°C) for sea surface temperature over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Arabian Sea, AS) is observed. The model results are analyzed to understand the upper-oceanic physical and biological processes during the lockdown. A comparison of the observed and model-simulated data during the lockdown period (March–June, 2020) and pre-pandemic period (March–June, 2019) shows significant differences in the physical (temperature and salinity) and biogeochemical (Chl-a concentration, nutrient concentration, and dissolved oxygen) parameters over the western AS, western BoB, and regions of Sri Lanka. During the pandemic, the reduced anthropogenic activities lead to a decrease in Chl-a concentration in the coastal regions of western AS and BoB. The enhanced aerosol/dust transport due to stronger westerly winds enhanced phytoplankton biomass in the western Arabian Sea (WAS) in May–June of the pandemic period.Vivek SeelankiVimlesh PantFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19lockdownchlorophyllocean temperatureprimary productivityScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 lockdown chlorophyll ocean temperature primary productivity Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	COVID-19 lockdown chlorophyll ocean temperature primary productivity Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Vivek Seelanki Vimlesh Pant An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
description	The unprecedented nationwide lockdown due to the ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19) affected humans and the environment in different ways. It provided an opportunity to examine the effect of reduced transportation and other anthropogenic activities on the environment. In the current study, the impact of lockdown on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, an index of primary productivity, over the northern Indian Ocean (IO), is investigated using the observations and a physical-biogeochemical model. The statistics of model validation against observations shows a correlation coefficient of 0.85 (0.89), index of agreement as 0.90 (0.91). Root mean square error of 0.45°C (0.50°C) for sea surface temperature over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Arabian Sea, AS) is observed. The model results are analyzed to understand the upper-oceanic physical and biological processes during the lockdown. A comparison of the observed and model-simulated data during the lockdown period (March–June, 2020) and pre-pandemic period (March–June, 2019) shows significant differences in the physical (temperature and salinity) and biogeochemical (Chl-a concentration, nutrient concentration, and dissolved oxygen) parameters over the western AS, western BoB, and regions of Sri Lanka. During the pandemic, the reduced anthropogenic activities lead to a decrease in Chl-a concentration in the coastal regions of western AS and BoB. The enhanced aerosol/dust transport due to stronger westerly winds enhanced phytoplankton biomass in the western Arabian Sea (WAS) in May–June of the pandemic period.
format	article
author	Vivek Seelanki Vimlesh Pant
author_facet	Vivek Seelanki Vimlesh Pant
author_sort	Vivek Seelanki
title	An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
title_short	An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
title_full	An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
title_fullStr	An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
title_full_unstemmed	An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model
title_sort	evaluation of the impact of pandemic driven lockdown on the phytoplankton biomass over the north indian ocean using observations and model
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaa8d39b8b4246efa285b952d8f85b00
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An Evaluation of the Impact of Pandemic Driven Lockdown on the Phytoplankton Biomass Over the North Indian Ocean Using Observations and Model

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