Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging

Abstract Block cipher has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which data security is accomplished. Block cipher strength against various attacks relies on substitution boxes. In literature, extensively algebraic structures, and chaotic systems-based techniques are available to design...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Fahad Khan, Khalid Saleem, Mohammed Ali Alshara, Shariq Bashir
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eabe416a427d45ee84457d78368d3896
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eabe416a427d45ee84457d78368d38962021-12-02T15:33:01ZMultilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging10.1038/s41598-021-93344-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/eabe416a427d45ee84457d78368d38962021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93344-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Block cipher has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which data security is accomplished. Block cipher strength against various attacks relies on substitution boxes. In literature, extensively algebraic structures, and chaotic systems-based techniques are available to design the cryptographic substitution boxes. Although, algebraic and chaotic systems-based approaches have favorable characteristics for the design of substitution boxes, but on the other side researchers have also pointed weaknesses in these approaches. First-time multilevel information fusion is introduced to construct the substitution boxes, having four layers; Multi Sources, Multi Features, Nonlinear Multi Features Whitening and Substitution Boxes Construction. Our proposed design does not hold the weakness of algebraic structures and chaotic systems because our novel s-box construction relies on the strength of true random numbers. In our proposed method true random numbers are generated from the inevitable random noise of medical imaging. The proposed design passes all the substitution box security evaluation criteria including Nonlinearity, Bit Independence Criterion (BIC), Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC), Differential Approximation Probability (DP), Linear Approximation Probability (LP), and statistical tests, including resistance to Differential Attack, Correlation Analysis, 2D, 3D histogram analysis. The outcomes of the evaluation criteria validate that the proposed substitution boxes are effective for block ciphers; furthermore, the proposed substitution boxes attain better cryptographic strength as compared to very recent state-of-the-art techniques.Muhammad Fahad KhanKhalid SaleemMohammed Ali AlsharaShariq BashirNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Muhammad Fahad Khan Khalid Saleem Mohammed Ali Alshara Shariq Bashir Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
description	Abstract Block cipher has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which data security is accomplished. Block cipher strength against various attacks relies on substitution boxes. In literature, extensively algebraic structures, and chaotic systems-based techniques are available to design the cryptographic substitution boxes. Although, algebraic and chaotic systems-based approaches have favorable characteristics for the design of substitution boxes, but on the other side researchers have also pointed weaknesses in these approaches. First-time multilevel information fusion is introduced to construct the substitution boxes, having four layers; Multi Sources, Multi Features, Nonlinear Multi Features Whitening and Substitution Boxes Construction. Our proposed design does not hold the weakness of algebraic structures and chaotic systems because our novel s-box construction relies on the strength of true random numbers. In our proposed method true random numbers are generated from the inevitable random noise of medical imaging. The proposed design passes all the substitution box security evaluation criteria including Nonlinearity, Bit Independence Criterion (BIC), Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC), Differential Approximation Probability (DP), Linear Approximation Probability (LP), and statistical tests, including resistance to Differential Attack, Correlation Analysis, 2D, 3D histogram analysis. The outcomes of the evaluation criteria validate that the proposed substitution boxes are effective for block ciphers; furthermore, the proposed substitution boxes attain better cryptographic strength as compared to very recent state-of-the-art techniques.
format	article
author	Muhammad Fahad Khan Khalid Saleem Mohammed Ali Alshara Shariq Bashir
author_facet	Muhammad Fahad Khan Khalid Saleem Mohammed Ali Alshara Shariq Bashir
author_sort	Muhammad Fahad Khan
title	Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
title_short	Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
title_full	Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
title_fullStr	Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
title_full_unstemmed	Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
title_sort	multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eabe416a427d45ee84457d78368d3896
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhammadfahadkhan multilevelinformationfusionforcryptographicsubstitutionboxconstructionbasedoninevitablerandomnoiseinmedicalimaging AT khalidsaleem multilevelinformationfusionforcryptographicsubstitutionboxconstructionbasedoninevitablerandomnoiseinmedicalimaging AT mohammedalialshara multilevelinformationfusionforcryptographicsubstitutionboxconstructionbasedoninevitablerandomnoiseinmedicalimaging AT shariqbashir multilevelinformationfusionforcryptographicsubstitutionboxconstructionbasedoninevitablerandomnoiseinmedicalimaging
_version_	1718387176832499712

Multilevel information fusion for cryptographic substitution box construction based on inevitable random noise in medical imaging

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