1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells

Background: With the global popularity of communication devices such as mobile phones, there are increasing concerns regarding the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the brain, one of the most important organs sensitive to RF-EMR exposure at 1,800 MHz. However, the effect...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Yanqi Li, Ping Deng, Chunhai Chen, Qinlong Ma, Huifeng Pi, Mindi He, Yonghui Lu, Peng Gao, Chao Zhou, Zhixin He, Yanwen Zhang, Zhengping Yu, Lei Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation neurite outgrowth Rap1 Rap1-GTP Neuro2a cell primary mouse hippocampal neurons Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eac80779447846c982b28f222b341f59
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:eac80779447846c982b28f222b341f59
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eac80779447846c982b28f222b341f592021-11-22T07:20:11Z1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.771508https://doaj.org/article/eac80779447846c982b28f222b341f592021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.771508/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565Background: With the global popularity of communication devices such as mobile phones, there are increasing concerns regarding the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the brain, one of the most important organs sensitive to RF-EMR exposure at 1,800 MHz. However, the effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal cells are unclear. Neurite outgrowth plays a critical role in brain development, therefore, determining the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure on neurite outgrowth is important for exploring its effects on brain development.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h on neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells and to explore the associated role of the Rap1 signaling pathway.Material and Methods: Primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. CCK-8 assays were used to determine the cell viability after 24, 48, and 72 h of irradiation. Neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal neurons (DIV 2) and Neuro2a cells was observed with a 20 × optical microscope and recognized by ImageJ software. Rap1a and Rap1b gene expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Rap1, Rap1a, Rap1b, Rap1GAP, and p-MEK1/2 protein expressions were detected by western blot. Rap1-GTP expression was detected by immunoprecipitation. The role of Rap1-GTP was assessed by transfecting a constitutively active mutant plasmid (Rap1-Gly_Val-GFP) into Neuro2a cells.Results: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. Rap1 activity was inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR with no detectable alteration in either gene or protein expression of Rap1. The protein expression of Rap1GAP increased after 48-h RF-EMR exposure, while the expression of p-MEK1/2 protein decreased. Overexpression of constitutively active Rap1 reversed the decrease in Rap1-GTP and the neurite outgrowth impairment in Neuro2a cells induced by 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h.Conclusion: Rap1 activity and related signaling pathways are involved in the disturbance of neurite outgrowth induced by 48-h 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure. The effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal development in infants and children deserve greater focus.Yanqi LiPing DengChunhai ChenQinlong MaHuifeng PiMindi HeYonghui LuPeng GaoChao ZhouZhixin HeYanwen ZhangZhengping YuLei ZhangFrontiers Media S.A.articleradiofrequency electromagnetic radiationneurite outgrowthRap1Rap1-GTPNeuro2a cellprimary mouse hippocampal neuronsPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation neurite outgrowth Rap1 Rap1-GTP Neuro2a cell primary mouse hippocampal neurons Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation neurite outgrowth Rap1 Rap1-GTP Neuro2a cell primary mouse hippocampal neurons Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Yanqi Li Ping Deng Chunhai Chen Qinlong Ma Huifeng Pi Mindi He Yonghui Lu Peng Gao Chao Zhou Zhixin He Yanwen Zhang Zhengping Yu Lei Zhang 1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
description	Background: With the global popularity of communication devices such as mobile phones, there are increasing concerns regarding the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the brain, one of the most important organs sensitive to RF-EMR exposure at 1,800 MHz. However, the effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal cells are unclear. Neurite outgrowth plays a critical role in brain development, therefore, determining the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure on neurite outgrowth is important for exploring its effects on brain development.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h on neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells and to explore the associated role of the Rap1 signaling pathway.Material and Methods: Primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. CCK-8 assays were used to determine the cell viability after 24, 48, and 72 h of irradiation. Neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal neurons (DIV 2) and Neuro2a cells was observed with a 20 × optical microscope and recognized by ImageJ software. Rap1a and Rap1b gene expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Rap1, Rap1a, Rap1b, Rap1GAP, and p-MEK1/2 protein expressions were detected by western blot. Rap1-GTP expression was detected by immunoprecipitation. The role of Rap1-GTP was assessed by transfecting a constitutively active mutant plasmid (Rap1-Gly_Val-GFP) into Neuro2a cells.Results: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. Rap1 activity was inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR with no detectable alteration in either gene or protein expression of Rap1. The protein expression of Rap1GAP increased after 48-h RF-EMR exposure, while the expression of p-MEK1/2 protein decreased. Overexpression of constitutively active Rap1 reversed the decrease in Rap1-GTP and the neurite outgrowth impairment in Neuro2a cells induced by 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h.Conclusion: Rap1 activity and related signaling pathways are involved in the disturbance of neurite outgrowth induced by 48-h 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure. The effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal development in infants and children deserve greater focus.
format	article
author	Yanqi Li Ping Deng Chunhai Chen Qinlong Ma Huifeng Pi Mindi He Yonghui Lu Peng Gao Chao Zhou Zhixin He Yanwen Zhang Zhengping Yu Lei Zhang
author_facet	Yanqi Li Ping Deng Chunhai Chen Qinlong Ma Huifeng Pi Mindi He Yonghui Lu Peng Gao Chao Zhou Zhixin He Yanwen Zhang Zhengping Yu Lei Zhang
author_sort	Yanqi Li
title	1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
title_short	1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
title_full	1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
title_fullStr	1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
title_full_unstemmed	1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells
title_sort	1,800 mhz radiofrequency electromagnetic irradiation impairs neurite outgrowth with a decrease in rap1-gtp in primary mouse hippocampal neurons and neuro2a cells
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eac80779447846c982b28f222b341f59
work_keys_str_mv	AT yanqili 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT pingdeng 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT chunhaichen 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT qinlongma 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT huifengpi 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT mindihe 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT yonghuilu 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT penggao 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT chaozhou 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT zhixinhe 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT yanwenzhang 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT zhengpingyu 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells AT leizhang 1800mhzradiofrequencyelectromagneticirradiationimpairsneuriteoutgrowthwithadecreaseinrap1gtpinprimarymousehippocampalneuronsandneuro2acells
_version_	1718417889314209792

1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells

Ejemplares similares