On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil

Reducing the bioavailability of persistent organic contaminants in soil by incorporating carbonaceous material (CM) has been investigated and confirmed by numerous laboratory studies. However, the efficacy of these methods under more complex field conditions needs exploration. We conducted an 18-mon...

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Autores principales:	Marya O. Anderson, Zijiang Yang, Cathleen J. Hapeman, Laura L. McConnell, Carrie Green, Dana Jackson, Michael N. Evans, Alba Torrents
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) Bioavailability Earthworms Risk assessment DDT Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaf288ff11454733a5a4029825142d73
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaf288ff11454733a5a4029825142d732021-12-02T05:04:13ZOn-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil2666-765710.1016/j.envadv.2021.100126https://doaj.org/article/eaf288ff11454733a5a4029825142d732021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765721000971https://doaj.org/toc/2666-7657Reducing the bioavailability of persistent organic contaminants in soil by incorporating carbonaceous material (CM) has been investigated and confirmed by numerous laboratory studies. However, the efficacy of these methods under more complex field conditions needs exploration. We conducted an 18-month, small-scale plot study (n = 7) to evaluate the ability of two CMs, a compost aged for four months and a compost aged for two years, to reduce the bioavailability of the highly aged organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its metabolites (together as DDx), and dieldrin in soil. The study was carried out in a former orchard where OCPs were routinely applied until they were banned in the early 1970s. Soil and earthworms were collected, contaminant concentrations were measured, and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the OCPs were calculated for the 28 subplots at multiple timepoints. A decrease in the uptake and bioaccumulation of the OCPs was observed with increasing soil concentration, i.e., the relationship between soil and worm concentrations was non-linear. In addition, substantial spatial variability in soil and earthworm concentrations were observed, which resulted in variable BAFs across the site. The soil treated with CMs, 14 subplots in total, showed varying effects on bioaccumulation: for DDx 8 showed a reduction, 4 showed no difference, and 2 showed an increase; and for dieldrin 6 showed a reduction, 5 showed no difference, and 3 showed an increase. Although this study showed some evidence that CM amendments may reduce bioaccumulation over time, the results were not statistically significant due to the spatial and temporal variability. This work illustrates the challenges of extrapolating laboratory results to onsite determinations and suggests that more robust methods are needed in calculating ecological risk assessments for indigenous animals, particularly for legacy sites with substantial spatial variability.Marya O. AndersonZijiang YangCathleen J. HapemanLaura L. McConnellCarrie GreenDana JacksonMichael N. EvansAlba TorrentsElsevierarticleOrganochlorine pesticides (OCP)BioavailabilityEarthwormsRisk assessmentDDTEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENEnvironmental Advances, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100126- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) Bioavailability Earthworms Risk assessment DDT Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) Bioavailability Earthworms Risk assessment DDT Environmental sciences GE1-350 Marya O. Anderson Zijiang Yang Cathleen J. Hapeman Laura L. McConnell Carrie Green Dana Jackson Michael N. Evans Alba Torrents On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
description	Reducing the bioavailability of persistent organic contaminants in soil by incorporating carbonaceous material (CM) has been investigated and confirmed by numerous laboratory studies. However, the efficacy of these methods under more complex field conditions needs exploration. We conducted an 18-month, small-scale plot study (n = 7) to evaluate the ability of two CMs, a compost aged for four months and a compost aged for two years, to reduce the bioavailability of the highly aged organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its metabolites (together as DDx), and dieldrin in soil. The study was carried out in a former orchard where OCPs were routinely applied until they were banned in the early 1970s. Soil and earthworms were collected, contaminant concentrations were measured, and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the OCPs were calculated for the 28 subplots at multiple timepoints. A decrease in the uptake and bioaccumulation of the OCPs was observed with increasing soil concentration, i.e., the relationship between soil and worm concentrations was non-linear. In addition, substantial spatial variability in soil and earthworm concentrations were observed, which resulted in variable BAFs across the site. The soil treated with CMs, 14 subplots in total, showed varying effects on bioaccumulation: for DDx 8 showed a reduction, 4 showed no difference, and 2 showed an increase; and for dieldrin 6 showed a reduction, 5 showed no difference, and 3 showed an increase. Although this study showed some evidence that CM amendments may reduce bioaccumulation over time, the results were not statistically significant due to the spatial and temporal variability. This work illustrates the challenges of extrapolating laboratory results to onsite determinations and suggests that more robust methods are needed in calculating ecological risk assessments for indigenous animals, particularly for legacy sites with substantial spatial variability.
format	article
author	Marya O. Anderson Zijiang Yang Cathleen J. Hapeman Laura L. McConnell Carrie Green Dana Jackson Michael N. Evans Alba Torrents
author_facet	Marya O. Anderson Zijiang Yang Cathleen J. Hapeman Laura L. McConnell Carrie Green Dana Jackson Michael N. Evans Alba Torrents
author_sort	Marya O. Anderson
title	On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
title_short	On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
title_full	On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
title_fullStr	On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
title_full_unstemmed	On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
title_sort	on-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaf288ff11454733a5a4029825142d73
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On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil

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