Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection

Bhagyashri D Navalkele,1 Teena Chopra2 1Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; 2Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Abstract...

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Autores principales:	Navalkele BD, Chopra T
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Bezlotuxumab Clostridium difficile monoclonal antibody novel CDI treatment Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eaf6898b1e0b4043beebc88d4c927468
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eaf6898b1e0b4043beebc88d4c9274682021-12-02T11:31:33ZBezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection1177-5491https://doaj.org/article/eaf6898b1e0b4043beebc88d4c9274682018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/bezlotoxumab-an-emerging-monoclonal-antibody-therapy-for-prevention-of-peer-reviewed-article-BTThttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5491Bhagyashri D Navalkele,1 Teena Chopra2 1Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; 2Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common health care-acquired infection associated with high hospital expenditures. The incidence of subsequent recurrent CDI increases with prior episodes of CDI, 15%–35% risk after primary CDI to 35%–65% risk after the first recurrent episode. Recurrent CDI is one of the most challenging and a very difficult to treat infections. Standard guidelines provide recommendations on treatment of primary CDI. However, treatment choices for recurrent CDI are limited. Recent research studies have focused on the discovery of newer alternatives for prevention of recurrent CDI targeting prime virulence factors involved in C. difficile pathogenesis. Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against C. difficile toxin B. Multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated direct binding of bezlotoxumab to C. difficile toxin B preventing intestinal epithelial damage and colitis. Furthermore, this monoclonal antibody mediates early reconstitution of gut microbiota preventing risk of recurrent CDI. Randomized placebo-controlled trials showed concomitant administration of a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg of bezlotoxumab, in patients on standard-of-care therapy for CDI, had no substantial effect on clinical cure rates but significantly reduced the incidence of recurrent CDI (~40%). It shows efficacy against multiple strains, including the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain. Bezlotoxumab is a US Food and Drug administration-approved, safe and well-tolerated drug with low risk of serious adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Bezlotoxumab has emerged as a novel dynamic adjunctive therapy for prevention of recurrent CDI. Further studies on real-world experience with bezlotoxumab and its impact in reducing rates of recurrent CDI are needed. Keywords: bezlotoxumab, Clostridium difficile, monoclonal antibody, novel CDI treatment, anti-toxin B antibody, prevention of recurrent CDINavalkele BDChopra TDove Medical PressarticleBezlotuxumabClostridium difficilemonoclonal antibodynovel CDI treatmentMedicine (General)R5-920ENBiologics: Targets & Therapy, Vol Volume 12, Pp 11-21 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bezlotuxumab Clostridium difficile monoclonal antibody novel CDI treatment Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Bezlotuxumab Clostridium difficile monoclonal antibody novel CDI treatment Medicine (General) R5-920 Navalkele BD Chopra T Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
description	Bhagyashri D Navalkele,1 Teena Chopra2 1Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; 2Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common health care-acquired infection associated with high hospital expenditures. The incidence of subsequent recurrent CDI increases with prior episodes of CDI, 15%–35% risk after primary CDI to 35%–65% risk after the first recurrent episode. Recurrent CDI is one of the most challenging and a very difficult to treat infections. Standard guidelines provide recommendations on treatment of primary CDI. However, treatment choices for recurrent CDI are limited. Recent research studies have focused on the discovery of newer alternatives for prevention of recurrent CDI targeting prime virulence factors involved in C. difficile pathogenesis. Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against C. difficile toxin B. Multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated direct binding of bezlotoxumab to C. difficile toxin B preventing intestinal epithelial damage and colitis. Furthermore, this monoclonal antibody mediates early reconstitution of gut microbiota preventing risk of recurrent CDI. Randomized placebo-controlled trials showed concomitant administration of a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg of bezlotoxumab, in patients on standard-of-care therapy for CDI, had no substantial effect on clinical cure rates but significantly reduced the incidence of recurrent CDI (~40%). It shows efficacy against multiple strains, including the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain. Bezlotoxumab is a US Food and Drug administration-approved, safe and well-tolerated drug with low risk of serious adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Bezlotoxumab has emerged as a novel dynamic adjunctive therapy for prevention of recurrent CDI. Further studies on real-world experience with bezlotoxumab and its impact in reducing rates of recurrent CDI are needed. Keywords: bezlotoxumab, Clostridium difficile, monoclonal antibody, novel CDI treatment, anti-toxin B antibody, prevention of recurrent CDI
format	article
author	Navalkele BD Chopra T
author_facet	Navalkele BD Chopra T
author_sort	Navalkele BD
title	Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
title_short	Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
title_full	Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
title_fullStr	Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
title_full_unstemmed	Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
title_sort	bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/eaf6898b1e0b4043beebc88d4c927468
work_keys_str_mv	AT navalkelebd bezlotoxumabanemergingmonoclonalantibodytherapyforpreventionofrecurrentclostridiumdifficileinfection AT choprat bezlotoxumabanemergingmonoclonalantibodytherapyforpreventionofrecurrentclostridiumdifficileinfection
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Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection

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