The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures

The microbiome emits informative signals of biological organization and environmental pressure that aid ecosystem monitoring and prediction. Are the many signals reducible to a habitat-specific portfolio that characterizes ecosystem health? Does an optimally structured microbiome imply a resilient m...

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Autores principales:	Elroy Galbraith, Matteo Convertino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	marine microbiome ecosystem health biocomplexity optimality biogeochemical forcing climate change Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb1d1fac1a984fd39ec3de4d64351e8f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb1d1fac1a984fd39ec3de4d64351e8f2021-11-25T17:29:55ZThe Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures10.3390/e231114711099-4300https://doaj.org/article/eb1d1fac1a984fd39ec3de4d64351e8f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1471https://doaj.org/toc/1099-4300The microbiome emits informative signals of biological organization and environmental pressure that aid ecosystem monitoring and prediction. Are the many signals reducible to a habitat-specific portfolio that characterizes ecosystem health? Does an optimally structured microbiome imply a resilient microbiome? To answer these questions, we applied our novel Eco-Evo Mandala to bacterioplankton data from four habitats within the Great Barrier Reef, to explore how patterns in community structure, function and genetics signal habitat-specific organization and departures from theoretical optimality. The Mandala revealed communities departing from optimality in habitat-specific ways, mostly along structural and functional traits related to bacterioplankton abundance and interaction distributions (reflected by <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> as power law and exponential distribution parameters), which are not linearly associated with each other. River and reef communities were similar in their relatively low abundance and interaction disorganization (low <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) due to their protective structured habitats. On the contrary, lagoon and estuarine inshore reefs appeared the most disorganized due to the ocean temperature and biogeochemical stress. Phylogenetic distances (<i>D</i>) were minimally informative in characterizing bacterioplankton organization. However, dominant populations, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria, were largely responsible for community patterns, being generalists with a large functional gene repertoire (high <i>D</i>) that increases resilience. The relative balance of these populations was found to be habitat-specific and likely related to systemic environmental stress. The position on the Mandala along the three fundamental traits, as well as fluctuations in this ecological state, conveys information about the microbiome’s health (and likely ecosystem health considering bacteria-based multitrophic dependencies) as divergence from the expected relative optimality. The Eco-Evo Mandala emphasizes how habitat and the microbiome’s interaction network topology are first- and second-order factors for ecosystem health evaluation over taxonomic species richness. Unhealthy microbiome communities and unbalanced microbes are identified not by macroecological indicators but by mapping their impact on the collective proportion and distribution of interactions, which regulates the microbiome’s ecosystem function.Elroy GalbraithMatteo ConvertinoMDPI AGarticlemarine microbiomeecosystem healthbiocomplexityoptimalitybiogeochemical forcingclimate changeScienceQAstrophysicsQB460-466PhysicsQC1-999ENEntropy, Vol 23, Iss 1471, p 1471 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	marine microbiome ecosystem health biocomplexity optimality biogeochemical forcing climate change Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	marine microbiome ecosystem health biocomplexity optimality biogeochemical forcing climate change Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999 Elroy Galbraith Matteo Convertino The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
description	The microbiome emits informative signals of biological organization and environmental pressure that aid ecosystem monitoring and prediction. Are the many signals reducible to a habitat-specific portfolio that characterizes ecosystem health? Does an optimally structured microbiome imply a resilient microbiome? To answer these questions, we applied our novel Eco-Evo Mandala to bacterioplankton data from four habitats within the Great Barrier Reef, to explore how patterns in community structure, function and genetics signal habitat-specific organization and departures from theoretical optimality. The Mandala revealed communities departing from optimality in habitat-specific ways, mostly along structural and functional traits related to bacterioplankton abundance and interaction distributions (reflected by <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> as power law and exponential distribution parameters), which are not linearly associated with each other. River and reef communities were similar in their relatively low abundance and interaction disorganization (low <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) due to their protective structured habitats. On the contrary, lagoon and estuarine inshore reefs appeared the most disorganized due to the ocean temperature and biogeochemical stress. Phylogenetic distances (<i>D</i>) were minimally informative in characterizing bacterioplankton organization. However, dominant populations, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria, were largely responsible for community patterns, being generalists with a large functional gene repertoire (high <i>D</i>) that increases resilience. The relative balance of these populations was found to be habitat-specific and likely related to systemic environmental stress. The position on the Mandala along the three fundamental traits, as well as fluctuations in this ecological state, conveys information about the microbiome’s health (and likely ecosystem health considering bacteria-based multitrophic dependencies) as divergence from the expected relative optimality. The Eco-Evo Mandala emphasizes how habitat and the microbiome’s interaction network topology are first- and second-order factors for ecosystem health evaluation over taxonomic species richness. Unhealthy microbiome communities and unbalanced microbes are identified not by macroecological indicators but by mapping their impact on the collective proportion and distribution of interactions, which regulates the microbiome’s ecosystem function.
format	article
author	Elroy Galbraith Matteo Convertino
author_facet	Elroy Galbraith Matteo Convertino
author_sort	Elroy Galbraith
title	The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
title_short	The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
title_full	The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
title_fullStr	The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
title_full_unstemmed	The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures
title_sort	eco-evo mandala: simplifying bacterioplankton complexity into ecohealth signatures
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb1d1fac1a984fd39ec3de4d64351e8f
work_keys_str_mv	AT elroygalbraith theecoevomandalasimplifyingbacterioplanktoncomplexityintoecohealthsignatures AT matteoconvertino theecoevomandalasimplifyingbacterioplanktoncomplexityintoecohealthsignatures AT elroygalbraith ecoevomandalasimplifyingbacterioplanktoncomplexityintoecohealthsignatures AT matteoconvertino ecoevomandalasimplifyingbacterioplanktoncomplexityintoecohealthsignatures
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The Eco-Evo Mandala: Simplifying Bacterioplankton Complexity into Ecohealth Signatures

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