Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat infections that are of viral origin contributes to unnecessary use which potentially may induce resistance in commensal bacteria. To counteract this a number of host gene transcriptional studies have been conducted to identify genes that are differently exp...

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Autores principales:	Bernt Hjertner, Claudia Lützelschwab, Elise Schieck, Benjamin Nzau, Sonal Henson, Marie Sjölund, Caroline Fossum, Ulf Magnusson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb21e05bd30b446e9646f9e0a73431ad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb21e05bd30b446e9646f9e0a73431ad2021-12-02T20:08:05ZDevelopment of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256106https://doaj.org/article/eb21e05bd30b446e9646f9e0a73431ad2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256106https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat infections that are of viral origin contributes to unnecessary use which potentially may induce resistance in commensal bacteria. To counteract this a number of host gene transcriptional studies have been conducted to identify genes that are differently expressed during bacterial and viral infections in humans, and thus could be used as a tool to base decisions on the use of antibiotics. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the potential of a selection of genes that have been considered biomarkers in humans, to differentially diagnose bacterial from viral infections in the pig. First porcine PBMC were induced with six toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (FliC, LPS, ODN 2216, Pam3CSK4, poly I:C, R848) to mimic host gene expression induced by bacterial or viral pathogens, or exposed to heat-killed Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or a split influenza virus. Genes that were differentially expressed between bacterial and viral inducers were further evaluated on clinical material comprising eleven healthy pigs, and six pigs infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. This comprised three virally upregulated genes (IFI44L, MxA, RSAD2) and four bacterially upregulated genes (IL-1β, IL-8, FAM89A, S100PBP). All six infected pigs could be differentially diagnosed to healthy pigs using a host gene transcription assay based on the geometric average of the bacterially induced genes IL-8 and S100PBP over that of the virally induced gene MxA.Bernt HjertnerClaudia LützelschwabElise SchieckBenjamin NzauSonal HensonMarie SjölundCaroline FossumUlf MagnussonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0256106 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bernt Hjertner Claudia Lützelschwab Elise Schieck Benjamin Nzau Sonal Henson Marie Sjölund Caroline Fossum Ulf Magnusson Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
description	Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat infections that are of viral origin contributes to unnecessary use which potentially may induce resistance in commensal bacteria. To counteract this a number of host gene transcriptional studies have been conducted to identify genes that are differently expressed during bacterial and viral infections in humans, and thus could be used as a tool to base decisions on the use of antibiotics. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the potential of a selection of genes that have been considered biomarkers in humans, to differentially diagnose bacterial from viral infections in the pig. First porcine PBMC were induced with six toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (FliC, LPS, ODN 2216, Pam3CSK4, poly I:C, R848) to mimic host gene expression induced by bacterial or viral pathogens, or exposed to heat-killed Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or a split influenza virus. Genes that were differentially expressed between bacterial and viral inducers were further evaluated on clinical material comprising eleven healthy pigs, and six pigs infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. This comprised three virally upregulated genes (IFI44L, MxA, RSAD2) and four bacterially upregulated genes (IL-1β, IL-8, FAM89A, S100PBP). All six infected pigs could be differentially diagnosed to healthy pigs using a host gene transcription assay based on the geometric average of the bacterially induced genes IL-8 and S100PBP over that of the virally induced gene MxA.
format	article
author	Bernt Hjertner Claudia Lützelschwab Elise Schieck Benjamin Nzau Sonal Henson Marie Sjölund Caroline Fossum Ulf Magnusson
author_facet	Bernt Hjertner Claudia Lützelschwab Elise Schieck Benjamin Nzau Sonal Henson Marie Sjölund Caroline Fossum Ulf Magnusson
author_sort	Bernt Hjertner
title	Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
title_short	Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
title_full	Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
title_fullStr	Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
title_sort	development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb21e05bd30b446e9646f9e0a73431ad
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Development of a 3-transcript host expression assay to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in pigs.

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