Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.

We analyzed one decade of data collected by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), including the mathematics and reading performance of nearly 1.5 million 15 year olds in 75 countries. Across nations, boys scored higher than girls in mathematics, but lower than girls in reading....

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Autores principales:	Gijsbert Stoet, David C Geary
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb46f3e2c86b49a8b4785f5f34f3afd2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb46f3e2c86b49a8b4785f5f34f3afd22021-11-18T07:53:43ZSex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0057988https://doaj.org/article/eb46f3e2c86b49a8b4785f5f34f3afd22013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23516422/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We analyzed one decade of data collected by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), including the mathematics and reading performance of nearly 1.5 million 15 year olds in 75 countries. Across nations, boys scored higher than girls in mathematics, but lower than girls in reading. The sex difference in reading was three times as large as in mathematics. There was considerable variation in the extent of the sex differences between nations. There are countries without a sex difference in mathematics performance, and in some countries girls scored higher than boys. Boys scored lower in reading in all nations in all four PISA assessments (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009). Contrary to several previous studies, we found no evidence that the sex differences were related to nations' gender equality indicators. Further, paradoxically, sex differences in mathematics were consistently and strongly inversely correlated with sex differences in reading: Countries with a smaller sex difference in mathematics had a larger sex difference in reading and vice versa. We demonstrate that this was not merely a between-nation, but also a within-nation effect. This effect is related to relative changes in these sex differences across the performance continuum: We did not find a sex difference in mathematics among the lowest performing students, but this is where the sex difference in reading was largest. In contrast, the sex difference in mathematics was largest among the higher performing students, and this is where the sex difference in reading was smallest. The implication is that if policy makers decide that changes in these sex differences are desired, different approaches will be needed to achieve this for reading and mathematics. Interventions that focus on high-achieving girls in mathematics and on low achieving boys in reading are likely to yield the strongest educational benefits.Gijsbert StoetDavid C GearyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e57988 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gijsbert Stoet David C Geary Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
description	We analyzed one decade of data collected by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), including the mathematics and reading performance of nearly 1.5 million 15 year olds in 75 countries. Across nations, boys scored higher than girls in mathematics, but lower than girls in reading. The sex difference in reading was three times as large as in mathematics. There was considerable variation in the extent of the sex differences between nations. There are countries without a sex difference in mathematics performance, and in some countries girls scored higher than boys. Boys scored lower in reading in all nations in all four PISA assessments (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009). Contrary to several previous studies, we found no evidence that the sex differences were related to nations' gender equality indicators. Further, paradoxically, sex differences in mathematics were consistently and strongly inversely correlated with sex differences in reading: Countries with a smaller sex difference in mathematics had a larger sex difference in reading and vice versa. We demonstrate that this was not merely a between-nation, but also a within-nation effect. This effect is related to relative changes in these sex differences across the performance continuum: We did not find a sex difference in mathematics among the lowest performing students, but this is where the sex difference in reading was largest. In contrast, the sex difference in mathematics was largest among the higher performing students, and this is where the sex difference in reading was smallest. The implication is that if policy makers decide that changes in these sex differences are desired, different approaches will be needed to achieve this for reading and mathematics. Interventions that focus on high-achieving girls in mathematics and on low achieving boys in reading are likely to yield the strongest educational benefits.
format	article
author	Gijsbert Stoet David C Geary
author_facet	Gijsbert Stoet David C Geary
author_sort	Gijsbert Stoet
title	Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
title_short	Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
title_full	Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
title_fullStr	Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
title_full_unstemmed	Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.
title_sort	sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of pisa data.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb46f3e2c86b49a8b4785f5f34f3afd2
work_keys_str_mv	AT gijsbertstoet sexdifferencesinmathematicsandreadingachievementareinverselyrelatedwithinandacrossnationassessmentof10yearsofpisadata AT davidcgeary sexdifferencesinmathematicsandreadingachievementareinverselyrelatedwithinandacrossnationassessmentof10yearsofpisadata
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Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data.

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