The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode

Multi-pad electrotactile stimulation can be used to provide tactile feedback in different applications. The electrotactile interface needs to be calibrated before each use, which entails adjusting the intensity to obtain clear sensations while allowing the subjects to differentiate between active pa...

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Autores principales:	Jovana Malešević, Milica Isaković, Martin A. Garenfeld, Strahinja Došen, Matija Štrbac
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	psychometric evaluation electrotactile interface haptic feedback perception thresholds intensity modulation spatial recognition Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb681572fc0c400ea63983c3e67cc724
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:eb681572fc0c400ea63983c3e67cc724
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb681572fc0c400ea63983c3e67cc7242021-11-11T15:16:43ZThe Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode10.3390/app1121102312076-3417https://doaj.org/article/eb681572fc0c400ea63983c3e67cc7242021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10231https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Multi-pad electrotactile stimulation can be used to provide tactile feedback in different applications. The electrotactile interface needs to be calibrated before each use, which entails adjusting the intensity to obtain clear sensations while allowing the subjects to differentiate between active pads. The present study investigated how the stimulation intensity affects the localization of sensations using a multi-pad electrode placed on a fingertip and proximal phalange. First, the sensation, localization, smearing and discomfort thresholds were determined in 11 subjects. Then, the same subjects performed a spatial discrimination test across a range of stimulation intensities. The results have shown that all thresholds were significantly different, while there was no difference in the threshold values between the pads and phalanges. Despite the subjective feeling of spreading of sensations, the success rates in spatial discrimination were not significantly different across the tested stimulation intensities. However, the performance was better for distal compared to proximal phalange. Presented results indicate that spatial discrimination is robust to changes in the stimulation intensity. Considering the lack of significant difference in the thresholds between the pads, these results imply that more coarse adjustment of stimulation amplitude (faster calibration) might be enough for practical applications of a multi-pad electrotactile interface.Jovana MaleševićMilica IsakovićMartin A. GarenfeldStrahinja DošenMatija ŠtrbacMDPI AGarticlepsychometric evaluationelectrotactile interfacehaptic feedbackperception thresholdsintensity modulationspatial recognitionTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10231, p 10231 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	psychometric evaluation electrotactile interface haptic feedback perception thresholds intensity modulation spatial recognition Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	psychometric evaluation electrotactile interface haptic feedback perception thresholds intensity modulation spatial recognition Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Jovana Malešević Milica Isaković Martin A. Garenfeld Strahinja Došen Matija Štrbac The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
description	Multi-pad electrotactile stimulation can be used to provide tactile feedback in different applications. The electrotactile interface needs to be calibrated before each use, which entails adjusting the intensity to obtain clear sensations while allowing the subjects to differentiate between active pads. The present study investigated how the stimulation intensity affects the localization of sensations using a multi-pad electrode placed on a fingertip and proximal phalange. First, the sensation, localization, smearing and discomfort thresholds were determined in 11 subjects. Then, the same subjects performed a spatial discrimination test across a range of stimulation intensities. The results have shown that all thresholds were significantly different, while there was no difference in the threshold values between the pads and phalanges. Despite the subjective feeling of spreading of sensations, the success rates in spatial discrimination were not significantly different across the tested stimulation intensities. However, the performance was better for distal compared to proximal phalange. Presented results indicate that spatial discrimination is robust to changes in the stimulation intensity. Considering the lack of significant difference in the thresholds between the pads, these results imply that more coarse adjustment of stimulation amplitude (faster calibration) might be enough for practical applications of a multi-pad electrotactile interface.
format	article
author	Jovana Malešević Milica Isaković Martin A. Garenfeld Strahinja Došen Matija Štrbac
author_facet	Jovana Malešević Milica Isaković Martin A. Garenfeld Strahinja Došen Matija Štrbac
author_sort	Jovana Malešević
title	The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
title_short	The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
title_full	The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
title_fullStr	The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode
title_sort	impact of stimulation intensity on spatial discrimination with multi-pad finger electrode
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb681572fc0c400ea63983c3e67cc724
work_keys_str_mv	AT jovanamalesevic theimpactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT milicaisakovic theimpactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT martinagarenfeld theimpactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT strahinjadosen theimpactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT matijastrbac theimpactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT jovanamalesevic impactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT milicaisakovic impactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT martinagarenfeld impactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT strahinjadosen impactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode AT matijastrbac impactofstimulationintensityonspatialdiscriminationwithmultipadfingerelectrode
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The Impact of Stimulation Intensity on Spatial Discrimination with Multi-Pad Finger Electrode

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